General Science - Ippanrika

Japanese: 一般理科 - いっぱんりか
General Science - Ippanrika

...Since teaching conventional science tends to be forced upon students, the idea was to arrange science teaching materials around the everyday phenomena that students are interested in. Although attempts to teach "general science" in junior high schools met with strong opposition and did not get off the ground easily, after World War II, under the strong guidance of the American occupation forces, both elementary and junior high schools thoroughly adopted a learning method in which teaching materials were entirely organized around everyday life and students were made to solve problems on their own. However, even if "science is a subject that teaches nature itself," if students do not learn the results of research by outstanding scientists, their focus, and their views of nature and matter themselves, they will not know how to observe and study nature and will end up feeling lost. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "general science" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…既成科学を教えるととかく押しつけになりがちだというので,生徒の興味をいだく生活現象を中心に科学教材を配列しようというのである。もっとも,中学校での〈一般理科〉の試みには反対が強くなかなか軌道にのらなかったが,第2次大戦後アメリカ占領軍の強力な指導のもとで小・中学校ともに,教材を全面的に生活を中心に組織して生徒みずからに問題を解決させるという学習方式が徹底的に採用されるにいたった。 しかし,いくら〈理科は自然そのものを教える教科だ〉としても,すぐれた科学者たちの研究の成果や,その目のつけどころ,自然観・物質観そのものを学ばなければ,自然をどのように観察し研究したらよいかもわからずに,かえって途方にくれるようになる。…

※「一般理科」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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