A fictitious reference atmosphere used as a model for aviation. The International Standard Atmosphere, which consists of the following constants, is generally used: ground pressure is 1013.250 hPa, gravitational acceleration is 980.665 cm/ s2 , ground temperature is 15.0°C, the temperature lapse rate is -6.5°C per km from the ground up to 11 km above the ground, 0.0°C per km from 11 km to 20 km above the ground, and +1.0°C per km up to 32 km above the ground, the air density at sea level is 1.225 kg/ m3 , and the composition of the atmosphere is constant and dry, with no moisture. In this atmosphere, the temperature, pressure, and air density are each expressed as a relationship with altitude, and this is widely used in aeronautics, ballistics, and other fields. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
航空などでモデルとして用いられる仮想の基準大気。一般に次の常数からなる国際標準大気が採用されている。地上気圧は 1013.250hPa,重力加速度は 980.665cm/s2,地上気温は 15.0℃,気温減率は地上から 11kmまでは 1kmにつき-6.5℃,11km以上 20kmまでは同 0.0℃,32kmまでは同+1.0℃,海面上の空気密度は 1.225 kg/m3であり,さらに大気の組成は一定で水分を含まない乾燥空気という条件がある。このように規定した大気中では気温,気圧,空気密度がそれぞれ高度との関係式で示され,航空学,弾道学などで広く使われている。
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