One of the five Efu. The Japanese name is "Tsuwamono no Toneri no Tsukasa (Officers of Warriors)". It is divided into the left and right Hyoefu. Under the Taiho Code, it consisted of 1 Kami, 1 Suke, 1 Daijo, 1 Shocho, 1 Daisakan, 1 Shoshi, 1 Doctor, and several hundred soldiers. Under the Yoro Code, the official titles were written as Kami, Suke, Jo, and Sakan, like the other three, and the number of soldiers was set at 400 for each. After that, in 808 (Daido 3), the number of soldiers was reduced to 300 for each, and in 811 (Kōnin 2), it was set at 400 for each again. The Chueifu was established in 728 (Jinki 5), and it is thought that their duties may have overlapped, and that they quickly became a mere formality, but the large number of names of soldiers who served as guards at the palace gates found on wooden tablets excavated from Heijo Palace during the Tenpyo period (729-749) suggests that the two offices were different in nature. It is thought that while the soldiers' character strongly inherited the legacy of the imperial guard army from before the Ritsuryo system, they became ceremonial guards with the establishment of the Eji system, which was made up of peasant soldiers. [Noda Reishi] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
五衛府の一つ。和名「つわもののとねりのつかさ」。左右兵衛府に分かれる。構成は、大宝令(たいほうりょう)下では、それぞれ、率(かみ)1、翼(すけ)1、大直(だいじょう)1、少直1、大志(だいさかん)1、少志1、医師1、兵衛数百。養老(ようろう)令では官名は他の3府と同じく督(かみ)、佐(すけ)、尉(じょう)、志(さかん)と記し、また兵衛数は各400と定められた。以後、808年(大同3)に兵衛は各300に削減、811年(弘仁2)にふたたび各400になった。728年(神亀5)に中衛府が設置されて、その職掌が重複していたのではないかと考えられ、急速に形骸(けいがい)化したとする見方もあるが、天平(てんぴょう)期(729~749)の平城宮出土の木簡(もっかん)に、宮門守衛の兵衛名が多量にみえることから、この二つの府のあり方はそれぞれ異なるものであったと考えられる。兵衛府の性格については、令制以前の親衛軍の遺制を強く継承しながら、農民兵士による衛士(えじ)制の成立により儀仗(ぎじょう)兵化したものではないかと考えられている。 [野田嶺志] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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