A necessary and sufficient condition for a polynomial f(x) of x to have a first-order factor x-α is f(α)=0. This is called the factor theorem or division theorem. For example, The factor theorem is applied to factoring and solving equations (cubic or higher). For example, if you find the first factor of a cubic equation, you can find the other two roots by solving the quadratic equation. The factor theorem is generalized as the remainder theorem, which states that "when a polynomial f(x) of x is divided by a linear equation x-α, the remainder (constant) is equal to f(α)." [Yoshio Takeuchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
xの整式f(x)が一次因数x-αをもつための必要十分条件はf(α)=0である。これを因数定理または整除定理という。たとえば、 因数定理は因数分解や方程式(三次以上)の解法に応用される。たとえば三次方程式における三次式の一次因数が求められれば、ほかの2根は二次方程式を解いて求められる。因数定理の一般化として、余りの(剰余)定理がある。すなわち、「xの整式f(x)を一次式x-αで除したときの余り(定数)はf(α)に等しい」。 [竹内芳男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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