Beautiful writing - Bibun

Japanese: 美文 - びぶん
Beautiful writing - Bibun

In a broad sense, it refers to a style of writing based on traditional Japanese or Chinese classics, with a rhythm suitable for reading aloud. It can be said to be a style that is the polar opposite of the colloquial style that gradually became established from the 1880s onwards. In this sense, Mori Ogai's "Maihime" and "Sokukyo Shijin," Higuchi Ichiyo's "Takekurabe," and Kitamura Tokoku's rhythmic style that makes use of Chinese context also belong to this category. However, in a narrow sense, or rather in terms of literary history, it refers to a sentimental style of writing that originated in pseudo-classical writing, which was born out of the nationalism and Japanism that arose in the 1880s as a reaction against Westernization. This style was first attempted by Japanese literature scholars such as Ochiai Naofumi, and was later seen by Owada Takeki, and by Shioi Uko, Takeshima Hagoromo, and Omachi Keigetsu in the magazine Teikoku Bungaku. Famous works include Hana Momiji (Flower Maple Leaves) (1896) co-authored by Ame, Hagoromo, and Keigetsu, Owada's Setsugekka (Prose Verse Setsugekka) (1897), and Keigetsu's Beautiful Verse Yellow Chrysanthemum and White Chrysanthemum (1898). Other typical examples include Takayama Chogyu's Takiguchi Nyudo (1894) and Wagasode no Ki (Record of My Sleeve) (1897). This type of beautiful prose was attempted up until the 1900s, when naturalist literature was at its height, and writers such as Takasu Baikei and Kurishima Sagoromo, with their old-fashioned rhythm, won over many readers who felt uncomfortable with colloquial language.

[Yamada Yusaku]

"Complete Collection of Meiji Literature 41: The Works of Shioi Ue, Takeshima Hagoromo, Omachi Keigetsu, Kubo Tenzui, and Higuchi Ryukyo" (1971, Chikuma Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

広義には伝統的な和文や漢文を基調とし、音読にふさわしいリズムを有する文体をさしている。明治20年代以降しだいに定着していった口語文体の対極に位置する文体といえる。この意味では森鴎外(おうがい)の『舞姫』や『即興詩人』、樋口一葉(ひぐちいちよう)の『たけくらべ』、北村透谷(とうこく)の漢文脈を生かしたリズミカルな文体などもそのカテゴリーに属する。ただ、狭義には、というよりも文学史的には、明治20年代に欧化の反動としておこった国粋主義や日本主義から生まれた擬古典文を淵源(えんげん)とする感傷的な文体をさしている。落合直文(なおぶみ)ら国文学者の試みをはじめとして、その後の大和田建樹(たけき)や雑誌『帝国文学』によった塩井雨江(うこう)、武島羽衣(はごろも)、大町桂月(けいげつ)らの文体がその代表である。雨江・羽衣・桂月合著の『花紅葉(はなもみじ)』(1896)、大和田の『散文韻文雪月花』(1897)、桂月の『美文韻文黄菊白菊』(1898)などが著名だが、そのほか、高山樗牛(ちょぎゅう)の『滝口入道』(1894)や『わが袖(そで)の記』(1897)もその典型といえる。こうした美文は自然主義文学が全盛期を迎える明治40年代まで試みられ、高須梅渓(ばいけい)や栗島狭衣(くりしまさごろも)などその古風なリズムによって、口語体に違和感を抱く読者を多く獲得していった。

[山田有策]

『『明治文学全集41 塩井雨江・武島羽衣・大町桂月・久保天随・樋口龍峡集』(1971・筑摩書房)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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