Mourning the wounds - aito shoushin

Japanese: 哀悼傷身 - あいとうしょうしん
Mourning the wounds - aito shoushin
This refers to the custom of injuring a part of one's body to express grief or mourning. Examples include pulling out teeth (Polynesia and the Kerao people of China) and cutting off fingers (New Guinea, Melanesia, Polynesia), but the most widespread method is injuring the face or body or cutting hair, and is widespread throughout Eurasia, America, Africa, and Oceania. Hair-cutting can generally be said to be a milder form of mourning. In Eurasia and Polynesia, mourning mourning is performed by vassals or wives upon the death of a king or husband, and has a strong character as a substitute for suicide, but in South America it is performed by primitive agriculturalists and hunter-gatherers who do not show class division, and is said to have a purification function.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
哀悼の意あるいは服喪を表現するために,自己の身体の一部を傷つける習俗をさす。その方法としては歯を抜く(ポリネシア,中国のケラオ族),指を切り落とす(ニューギニア,メラネシア,ポリネシア)などの例もあるが,世界的に広く分布しているのは,顔や身体に傷をつけることや,髪を切ることであって,ユーラシア,アメリカ,アフリカ,オセアニアに広がっていた。断髪は一般的に言って傷身の緩和された形式と言えよう。哀悼傷身はユーラシアとポリネシアでは王侯や夫の死に際し,臣下や妻が行い,殉死の代用的な性格が強いが,南アメリカでは階級分化のみられない未開農耕民や狩猟民が行っていて,浄めの機能をもつといわれる。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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