Hydrazine

This refers to H ₂ N-NH ₂ (most commercially available products are monohydrate) and compounds in which the H has been replaced with a hydrocarbon group (hydrazines). [ I ] N ₂ H ₄ (32.05) (monohydrate is N ₂ H ₄ ･H ₂ O (50.06)): systematic name is diazane. The monohydrate can be obtained by reacting hydrazinium sulfate with NaOH and then distilling in N _2. The anhydrous form can also be obtained by dehydrating this. It can also be obtained by the direct Rasching method, using gelatin or similar as a control agent and oxidizing NH ₃ or urea with NaClO or a mixture of bleaching powder and Na ₂ CO ₃ in an alkaline aqueous solution. In the gas form, there are ₂ molecules of H ₂ N-NH. NN approximately 1.45 Å, NH approximately 1.04 Å. ∠NNH approximately 112°. Dihedral angles of both HNH faces approximately 90-95°. Monoclinic crystal system. H forms hydrogen bonds with N on adjacent molecules. N N is about 1.45 Å, N...H is about 3.19-3.30 Å. The anhydrous form is a liquid with an ammonia odor, and emits smoke in air. Melting point 2.0 °C, boiling point 113.5 °C. Density 1.00 g cm ^-3 (25 °C). At 180 °C it decomposes into N ₂ and NH _3. The monohydrate is also a fuming liquid, with a boiling point of 118 °C. Density about 1.03 g cm ^-3 (20 °C). Both are easily soluble in water and ethanol, but insoluble in chloroform and ether. It is a base, with K _1b 8.5×10 ^-7 and K _b2 8.9×10 ^-15 (25 °C). It has a high reducing property. It dissolves salts, S, P, etc. A mixture of anhydrous hydrazine with oxygen or air burns when heated. It is highly toxic and can cause skin damage. It is also highly corrosive, attacking cork, rubber, and glass. It is used as a reducing agent, solvent for inorganic materials, foaming agent, in the manufacturing process of pesticides and pharmaceuticals, as a raw material for rocket fuel, and as a boiler compound. [CAS 302-01-2: Anhydride][CAS 7808-57-8: Monohydrate] [ II ] Organic derivatives: For example, phenylhydrazine C ₆ H ₅ NHNH ₂ , which is widely used to confirm aldehydes, ketones, sugars, etc., and dimethylhydrazine (CH ₃ ) ₂ NNH ₂ , which is used as rocket fuel. These hydrazine derivatives generally produce hydrazones and osazones from carbonyl compounds, and hydrazides from carboxylic acids, and show characteristic reactions.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

H₂N-NH₂(市販品の多くは一水和物)と，そのHを炭化水素基で置換した化合物(ヒドラジン類)をいう．【Ⅰ】N₂H₄(32.05)(一水和物は，N₂H₄･H₂O(50.06))：体系名はジアザン(diazane)．硫酸ヒドラジニウムにNaOHを反応させた後，N₂ 中で蒸留すると一水和物が得られる．これを脱水すると無水物も得られる．また，直接Rasching法で，ゼラチンなどを制御剤として，NH₃または尿素を，NaClOまたはさらし粉とNa₂CO₃の混合物とをアルカリ水溶液中で酸化すると得られる．気体では，H₂N-NH₂分子．N-N約1.45 Å，N-H約1.04 Å．∠N-N-H約112°．両方のH-N-H面の二面角約90～95°．単斜晶系．Hは隣接分子のNと水素結合している．N-N約1.45 Å，N…H約3.19～3.30 Å．無水物は，アンモニア臭のある液体で，空気中で発煙する．融点2.0 ℃，沸点113.5 ℃．密度1.00 g cm^－3(25 ℃)．180 ℃ で N₂ とNH₃に分解する．一水和物も発煙性の液体で，沸点118 ℃．密度約1.03 g cm^－3(20 ℃)．いずれも水，エタノールに易溶，クロロホルムやエーテルに不溶．塩基で，K_1b 8.5×10^－7，K_b2 8.9×10^－15(25 ℃)．還元性が大きい．塩，S，Pなどを溶かす．無水ヒドラジンと酸素または空気の混合物は加熱すると燃焼する．猛毒で皮膚をおかす．腐食性も大きく，コルク，ゴム，ガラスなども侵す．還元剤，無機物の溶媒，発泡剤，農薬や医薬品の製造過程での使用，ロケット燃料の原料，清缶剤などに用いられる．[CAS 302-01-2:無水物][CAS 7808-57-8:一水和物]【Ⅱ】有機誘導体：たとえば，アルデヒド，ケトン，糖などの確認に広く用いられるフェニルヒドラジンC₆H₅NHNH₂，ロケット燃料になるジメチルヒドラジン(CH₃)₂NNH₂など．これらヒドラジン誘導体は，一般にカルボニル化合物からヒドラゾン，オサゾンを，カルボン酸からヒドラジドをつくり，特徴のある反応を示す．

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