Iwakidaira Genbun Ikki - Iwakidaira Genbun Ikki

This was a peasant uprising that occurred throughout the entire domain of Iwakidaira Domain in Mutsu Province (Iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture) during the mid-Edo period. The finances of the Naito clan of Iwakidaira Domain (70,000 koku) had been unstable from early on, but in the 18th century, the domain fell into extreme financial difficulties due to the soaring prices of various commodities in comparison with the price of rice during the reform period of the shogunate's Kyoho era, the construction of Nikko Shrine by order of the shogunate, and a fire at the domain's Edo residence. The Naito clan tried to overcome this situation mainly by increasing the burden on the peasants, such as raising the annual tax rate, imposing new taxes, collecting temporary official contributions and labor fees. In response to this, the people of the domain, who had already suffered from the harsh exploitation, gathered in the autumn of 1738 (Genbun 3) at the invitation of Nakakabeyamura Buzaemon and others, about 20,000 people from all over the domain gathered in the castle town, demanding 19 items, including tax reduction and the repeal of new taxes, and demanding changes to the domain's administration. The lord of the domain succumbed to the pressure of the peasants and accepted most of their demands, but after the uprising ended, he arrested the leaders and broke his promise. However, as a result of this uprising, the Naito clan was soon transferred to Hyuga Nobeoka (Nobeoka City, Miyazaki Prefecture).

[Michio Aoki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸中期陸奥(むつ)国磐城平藩（福島県いわき市）で起こった全藩的な百姓一揆。磐城平藩内藤氏（7万石）は早くから藩財政が不安定であったが、18世紀に入ると、幕府享保(きょうほう)の改革期に生じた米価に対する諸物価高騰、幕府の命令による日光廟(にっこうびょう)修営、江戸藩邸の火災などにより極端な財政難に陥った。内藤氏はこれを、年貢率のアップ、新税賦課、臨時の御用金、夫役(ぶやく)金の徴収など、主として農民負担の強化によって打開しようとした。これに対し、すでに過酷な収奪に苦しんでいた領民は、1738年（元文3）秋、中神谷(なかかべや)村武左衛門(ぶざえもん)らの呼びかけで全領から約2万人が城下に結集し、年貢減免、新税撤回など19項目の要求を掲げて藩政の修正を求めて対決した。領主側は農民の圧力に屈し要求の大部分を飲んだが、一揆終息後、指導層を逮捕、約束を反故(ほご)にした。しかしこの一揆が原因で、まもなく内藤氏は日向延岡(ひゅうがのべおか)（宮崎県延岡市）へ転封されることになった。

［青木美智男］

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