Ammonium carbonate monohydrate (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 · H 2 O formula weight 114.1 is known, and anhydrous form has not been obtained. The commercial product called ammonium carbonate is produced by heating and sublimation of a mixture of calcium carbonate and ammonium sulfate, and is a double salt or mixture of ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH 4 HCO 3) and ammonium carbamate (NH 4 CO 2 NH 2 ) (white lump). Ammonium carbonate monohydrate is obtained by dissolving it in concentrated ammonia water and leaving it in a cool place for several days. It is a glossy, colorless, orthorhombic microcrystal. It is highly soluble in water (100 grams in 100 grams of water at 15°C), but is insoluble in ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and carbon disulfide. When left in air, it gradually changes to ammonium hydrogen carbonate while generating ammonia. The solid decomposes at 58°C, and the aqueous solution at 70°C, into ammonia, water, and carbon dioxide. It is used as a raw material for the production of various ammonium salts, an analytical reagent, and as a medicine such as an antacid. [Torii Yasuo] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
炭酸のアンモニウム塩で、一水和物(NH4)2CO3・H2O 式量114.1のみが知られており、無水和物は得られていない。炭安とよばれる市販品は、炭酸カルシウムと硫酸アンモニウムの混合物の加熱、昇華により製造されたもので、炭酸水素アンモニウムNH4HCO3とカルバミン酸アンモニウムNH4CO2NH2の複塩あるいは混合物である(白色塊状)。これを濃アンモニア水に溶かして冷所に数日放置すると、炭酸アンモニウムの一水和物が得られる。光沢のある無色の斜方晶系微結晶。水によく溶ける(15℃の水100グラムに100グラム)が、エタノール(エチルアルコール)、二硫化炭素には溶けない。空気中に放置するとアンモニアを発生しながら徐々に炭酸水素アンモニウムに変わる。固体は58℃で、水溶液は70℃でアンモニア、水、二酸化炭素に分解する。各種アンモニウム塩の製造原料、分析用試薬となるほか、制酸剤など医薬品としても用いられる。 [鳥居泰男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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