A one-eyed monster. In most legends, he is a boy around 7 or 8 years old. In Gifu, he is said to be a one-eyed, one-legged ogre, who appears on snowy mornings. He does not harm people, but appears in the mountains and fields, frightening and scaring people. In the Kanto region, this monster is said to appear on the eighth day of the month in February and December, and there is a folk custom of holding a mekago (basket) high in the garden as a curse to drive it away. In a legend related to this hitotsume-kozo, there is a legend about a one-eyed god. It is said that when a warlord or a guardian deity fell, he would poke his eye with sesame seeds, chestnuts, bamboo, etc. and destroy one of his eyes. As a result, these plants are no longer cultivated. In the Tohoku region, the god who visits villages on November 23rd is called Daishi-sama, and this god is said to have only one leg. Kunio Yanagida has suggested that these one-eyed or one-legged deities are remnants of the past when people would injure themselves on festival days to show that they were of the same ancestral family. He has said that Hitotsume Kozo is the depraved form of such deities. However, there are also critical theories. [Junichi Nomura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一つ目の妖怪(ようかい)。普通、7、8歳くらいの男児とする伝承が多い。岐阜では目一つ足1本の大入道であるといい、雪の朝に出現するという。人に危害を加えることはしないが、山野などに出現しては人々を驚かし恐怖を与える。関東地方では2月と12月の事八日(ことようか)にこの妖怪が現れるといい、庭先に目籠(めかご)を高く掲げて退散の呪(まじな)いとした民俗が残されている。この一つ目小僧と関連した伝承に、片方の目の神の伝説がある。武将や鎮守様が転んだ際に、胡麻(ごま)や栗(くり)、竹などで目を突き片方の目をつぶしてしまったという。そのためにこれらの植物は栽培しなくなったという。東北地方では11月23日に村々を訪れる神をダイシ様というが、この神は足が片方だという。柳田国男(やなぎたくにお)はこのような片方の目や足の神について、かつて祭日に神の一族であることを示すために体の一部を傷つけた名残(なごり)だろうと説いた。一つ目小僧はそうした神々の零落した姿であるという。しかしこれには批判的な説もある。 [野村純一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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