Refers to an increase in the volume of a tissue or organ. In this case, there is an increase in the volume of the individual cells that make up the tissue, and an increase in the number of cells. The former is called simple hypertrophy, such as the hypertrophy of the heart muscle. The latter is called numerical hypertrophy or hyperplasia. In reality, however, both often occur at the same time. Looking at the cause of hypertrophy, there is first operational or functional hypertrophy, which occurs because there is a need to improve the function of an organ. Examples of this include the heart of a person with hypertension and the muscles of a worker. Also, when one kidney is removed, the other kidney enlarges, but this is to compensate for the lack of renal function, and is called compensatory hypertrophy. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
組織や臓器の容積が増加することをいう。この場合,組織を構成する個々の細胞が容積を増すものと,細胞の数が増加するものとがある。前者は単純肥大と呼ばれ,たとえば心筋の肥大はこれにあたる。後者は数的肥大または過形成という。しかし実際には,この両方が同時に起ることが多い。肥大を原因からみると,まず,臓器の機能を高める必要があるために肥大を起す作業肥大または機能性肥大がある。たとえば高血圧症の心臓,労働者の筋肉などがこれに属する。また,腎臓の一方を摘出したとき,他方の腎臓が肥大するが,これは腎機能の不足を補うためなので,代償性肥大という。
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