Parasitic volcano

Japanese: 寄生火山 - きせいかざん
Parasitic volcano

A volcano that is formed like a lump by an eruption from the flank of a large volcano (mainly a stratovolcano or shield volcano). It is also called a parasitic volcano or lateral crater. Parasitic volcanoes of basaltic volcanoes are often clastic cones (pyroclastic cones, scoria cones), while parasitic volcanoes of andesitic volcanoes are often lava domes.

The number of parasitic volcanoes varies from volcano to volcano, but generally the larger the volcano that produces highly fluid lava, the more there are. Parasitic volcanoes can also be concentrated in a particular direction. In Japan, Mount Fuji has the most parasitic volcanoes, with over 70, and the majority of them are distributed in a north-northwest to south-southeast direction (the direction of the Philippine Sea Plate) that passes through the summit. Furthermore, Mount Etna in Italy has about 250 parasitic volcanoes.

[Akira Suwa and Setsya Nakata]

[Reference] | Volcano
Schematic diagram of the structure and morphology of a volcano
©Masazumi Fujita ">

Schematic diagram of the structure and morphology of a volcano


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

大きい火山(おもに成層火山や楯状(たてじょう)火山)の山腹からの噴火によって、こぶのように生じた火山。側火山または側火口ともいう。玄武岩質火山の寄生火山は砕屑(さいせつ)丘(火砕丘、スコリア丘)が、安山岩質火山の寄生火山は溶岩円頂丘が多い。

 寄生火山の数は火山によって違うが、流動性に富む溶岩を出す大型火山ほど概して多い。また、寄生火山が特定の方向に密集することがある。日本で寄生火山が多いのは富士山の70余で、その過半数は、山頂を通る北北西―南南東の方向(フィリピン海プレートの進む方向)に分布している。さらに、イタリアのエトナ火山には寄生火山が約250もある。

[諏訪 彰・中田節也]

[参照項目] | 火山
火山の構造模式図と形態
©藤田正純">

火山の構造模式図と形態


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