Bizen jellyfish - Bizen jellyfish

Japanese: ビゼンクラゲ - びぜんくらげ
Bizen jellyfish - Bizen jellyfish

A marine animal belonging to the phylum Coelenterata, class Scyphomedusa, order Rhizostomedusa, family Rhizomedusa. The umbrella is hemispherical or taller, about 25-30 cm in diameter, but sometimes it can become even larger. The agar is extremely thick and hard. The whole body is indigo blue or pale blue, and the tentacles are often milky white. There are eight sensory organs on the umbrella edge, which is also divided into many marginal petals. The mouth of the lower umbrella is thick and cylindrical with agar, and there are eight large shoulder plates, and there are many folds on the upper part of them. There are eight relatively short oral arms hanging from the lower umbrella, each divided into three wings, which form complex folds. Numerous small tentacles and rod-shaped appendages can be seen between the folds on the arms and shoulder plates. Each interaxial axis of the lower umbrella has a circular subgonal cavity, each with one small agar projection. In addition, the inferior umbrella has well-developed circular muscles.

Since ancient times, this species has been found in large numbers in Kojima Bay in the Seto Inland Sea, which is why it got the name Bizen jellyfish, but in fact it is widely found along the coast from central Honshu to Kyushu, and is also known from the coast of China. This jellyfish has been eaten since ancient times, and it is said that in the Edo period, it was presented to the shogunate by the Okayama domain every year. Fresh jellyfish are soaked in lime and alum water, dried or salted for storage, and then reconstituted in water when ready to use. It is widely used in Chinese cuisine.

[Mayumi Yamada]

[Reference] | Jellyfish

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

腔腸(こうちょう)動物門ハチクラゲ綱根口(ねくち)クラゲ目ビゼンクラゲ科に属する海産動物。傘は半球状あるいはそれより高く、直径25~30センチメートルほどであるが、ときにはさらに大形となる。寒天質はきわめて厚く堅い。全体は青藍(せいらん)色ないし淡青色、触手は乳白色を帯びることが多い。傘縁に8個の感覚器があり、また多数の縁弁に分かれている。下傘の口部は寒天質が厚く円柱状で、そこに8個の大形の肩板があり、それらの上部には多くのひだがある。下傘から垂れ下がる口腕は8本で比較的短く、おのおの3翼に分かれ、それら翼は複雑なひだをつくっている。腕や肩板上のひだの間からは多数の小触手や棒状付属物がみられる。下傘の各間軸には円形の生殖腺(せん)下腔があり、各1個の小さな寒天質の突起をもつ。また、下傘には環状筋が発達している。

 本種は、古来、瀬戸内海児島(こじま)湾に多く産し、そのためビゼンクラゲの名を得たが、実際には本州中部より九州までの沿岸に広くみられるものであり、また中国沿岸からも知られている。このクラゲは古くから食用とされ、江戸時代には岡山藩から幕府へ毎年献上されていたという。新鮮なものを石灰とみょうばん水に浸(つ)け、それを乾燥あるいは塩漬けにして保存し、使用するときに水にもどして食用に供する。中国料理に広く用いられる。

[山田真弓]

[参照項目] | クラゲ

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