... Throughout history, there have been some extreme actions and claims from both the Kharijites and the Shiites. The Azraqis were feared for their indiscriminate killings, and the Ismailis claimed that in addition to the literal (ẓāhir) interpretation of the Quran, there was also a hidden (bāṭin) esoteric interpretation, which was passed down from Muhammad to Ali and then to successive imams, and were also called the Batinists. Such claims were severely criticized by the Sunnis as condoning a personal cult unrelated to Islam, but a Shiite sect gave the imams superhuman qualities, and the most extreme views went so far as to consider Ali and his descendants as incarnations of God. ... *Some of the glossaries that mention "bāṭin" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 長い歴史の間に,ハワーリジュ派,シーア派とも極端な行動と主張に走るものがあった。アズラク派は無差別な殺戮で恐れられ,イスマーイール派は,コーランには文字どおりの(ザーヒルẓāhir)解釈のほかに隠された(バーティンbāṭin)奥義的解釈があり,それはムハンマドからアリーを経て代々のイマームに伝授されたと主張し,バーティン派とも呼ばれた。このような主張は,イスラムと無縁な個人崇拝を容認するものとして,スンナ派から厳しく非難されたが,シーア派の一派にはイマームに超人間的な性格を付与し,最も極端な論をなすものは,アリーおよびその子孫のイマームを神の化身とみなすにいたった。… ※「bāṭin」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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