Li Yuan Hong - Li Yuan Hong

A Chinese soldier and politician in the early Republic of China period. Born in Huangpi, Hubei Province. His courtesy name was Song Qing. He graduated from the Beiyang Naval Academy. He trained the New Army of Hubei under a German instructor, and the New Army often suppressed the activities of revolutionary party members in Hubei Province. After the Wuchang Uprising during the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, he was appointed Grand Commander of E (another name for Hubei Province) in the military government, and suppressed the revolutionary war in Hankou. He was elected Vice President when the Nanjing Provisional Government was established. He cooperated with Yuan Shikai when Yuan seized power. In 1914, when Yuan dissolved the National Diet, altered the Constitution, and established the Councilors' Council, he was appointed President of the Councilors' Council. After Yuan's death (1916), he was promoted from vice president to president. He later had a dispute with Premier Duan Qirui and was forced out of his position. In 1923, he returned to the presidency with the support of the Zhili faction, but was pursued by the Zhili faction and lost his position the same year. He later died of illness in Tianjin.

[Ryuzo Yamashita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、中華民国前期の軍人、政治家。湖北省黄陂(こうひ)の生まれ。字(あざな)は宋卿。北洋水師学堂卒。ドイツ人の教官について、湖北新軍を訓練し、新軍においてしばしば湖北省の革命党員の活動を弾圧した。1911年の辛亥(しんがい)革命における武昌蜂起(ぶしょうほうき)後、軍政府の鄂(がく)（湖北省の別称）大都督(だいととく)に任じられ、漢口の革命戦争を鎮圧。南京(ナンキン)臨時政府の成立にあたって副大総統に選ばれた。袁世凱(えんせいがい)の政権奪取に際しては袁に協力した。1914年袁が国会を解散、約法(やくほう)を改竄(かいざん)し、参政院を設けた際、院長に任命された。袁の死（1916）後、副大総統から大総統に昇格。その後国務院総理の段祺瑞(だんきずい)と争い、その地位を追われた。1923年、直隷派系の軍閥の支援を受け大総統に返り咲いたが、同年直隷派系の軍閥に追われてその地位を失った。のち天津(てんしん)で病没した。

［山下龍三］

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