...generally refers to the overall mental tendency that characteristically represents the intellectual, political, and social trends that prevail in a given era. This term was originally coined in the late 18th and 19th centuries, especially in Germany, and correlates with the formation of the concept of the "Volksgeist," or "national spirit." Herder had a deep interest in national spiritual culture, especially folk and regional languages and poetry, and presented the idea of grasping the history of mankind as a universal history leading to the perfection of the human spirit, using concepts such as "the spirit of the nations" and "the genius of the nations," which refer to the "spirit of the ages." From [Ethnicity]...In other words, from a materialistic standpoint, the nation is born after the formation of the state, and cannot be a prerequisite for the formation of the state. Romantic historians and historical philosophers in 19th century Germany preached about the "national spirit Volksgeist" (a spirit that transcends the spirit of the individual) realized by the modern state, and contributed to the formation of the modern state, but this was a standpoint that recognized the nation as a Volk as a premise. Although there are differences in nuance among the various concepts of the nation, it can be said that all of them recognize the establishment of power by a single ruling class in a certain geographical, economic, and social space. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Volksgeist" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…一般に,ある時代に支配的な知的,政治的,社会的動向を特徴的に表す全体的な精神的傾向をいう。この言葉は,もともと,18世紀後半から19世紀にかけて,とくにドイツにおいてつくられたもので,〈民族精神Volksgeist〉という概念の形成と相関している。ヘルダーは,民族的な精神文化,とくに民俗的,地方的な言語や詩に深い関心を寄せるとともに,人類史を人間精神の完成に向かう普遍的歴史としてとらえる考え方を提示し,〈もろもろの時代の精神〉を示す〈諸民族の精神〉,〈諸民族の天才〉などの概念を用いた。… 【民族】より…つまり,唯物論的立場からすれば,民族は国家形成につづいて生まれ,国家形成のための先行条件ではありえないのである。19世紀ドイツのロマン主義的な歴史学者や歴史哲学者は近代国家によって実現した〈民族精神Volksgeist〉(個々人の精神を超越した精神)を説き,近代国家の形成に寄与したが,これはフォルクとしての民族を前提的に認めた立場であった。多様な民族概念は,そのいずれもが,それぞれにニュアンスの相違がみられるとしても,一定の地理的・経済的・社会的空間における単一支配階級による権力確立を認めているといえよう。… ※「Volksgeist」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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