A quadrilateral with all four sides of equal length. It can also be considered a parallelogram with two diagonals that intersect at right angles, so it is considered a special case of a parallelogram. It is a figure that is line-symmetric (→ symmetric) with the two diagonals as the axes of symmetry, meaning that it is invariant to symmetrical movement about the two diagonals. It is also a figure that is point-symmetric with respect to the intersection of the two diagonals. This center coincides with the center of gravity of the rhombus. In other words, a rhombus is invariant to a rotation of 180° around its center of gravity. If it is considered a parallelogram, the area can be calculated as the product of the base and the height, but the area S of a rhombus ABCD can also be expressed using the lengths of the diagonals as follows. A rhombus with all four right angles is a square. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
4辺の長さがすべて等しい四角形。2本の対角線が直交するような平行四辺形とみなすこともできるため,平行四辺形の特別な場合と考えられる。2本の対角線を対称軸として線対称(→対称)な図形であり,つまり 2本の対角線についての対称移動で不変である。また,2本の対角線の交点を中心として点対称な図形である。この中心は菱形の重心と一致する。言い換えると,菱形は重心を中心とする回転角 180°の回転移動によって不変である。平行四辺形とみなして,面積を底辺と高さの積としても求められるが,菱形 ABCDの面積 S は,対角線の長さを用いて,と表すこともできる。四つの角がすべて直角である菱形は正方形である。
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