The capital of Pisa Province in Tuscany, central Italy. Population: 85,379 (2001 census). Located 13 km upstream from the mouth of the Arno River, it is a key location for rail and road transport. In the past, it was full of swamps and often flooded by the Arno River, but centuries of reclamation work have turned it into a rich agricultural region. In addition to the traditional wool industry, glass and ceramics manufacturing, machinery, chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries have been established here. Pisa is world famous for the 55-meter-tall bell tower of the Pisa Cathedral, known as the "Leaning Tower of Pisa" (1173-1350). Preventing the leaning of the tower was a national issue for Italy, along with preventing the subsidence of Venice. In 1990, it was closed to the public because it had tilted to a dangerous angle. Restoration work took 11 years and was completed in 2001. It has a university founded in 1343 and a Scuola Normale Superiore (Higher Normal School) founded by Napoleon in 1813. [Kenichi Sakai] historyIts history dates back to the 1st century BC, but few Roman remains remain. It developed as a maritime power from the 9th and 10th centuries AD, and in the 11th century, together with Genoa, it overpowered the Islamic navies in the Western Mediterranean. It prospered commercially as a port in the Tuscan region and developed as an autonomous city. At the end of the 13th century, it was defeated by its rival Genoa, and lost control of Corsica and Sardinia. It was conquered by Florence in 1406. It remained an important cultural center (University of Pisa), but economically it declined under the rise of the Medici-powered port of Livorno. [Kouichirou Shimizu] [References] |The accompanying bell tower (campanile) is famous as the "Leaning Tower of Pisa." The exterior is decorated with white and colored marble, and is surrounded by arches. The plan is a Latin cross shape with a transept with an apse on each side. Designed by Buscate, 1063-14th century. Part of the World Heritage Site "Pisa Cathedral" (Italy, registered in 1987 and 2007). Pisa, Italy ©Masashi Tanaka "> Pisa Cathedral Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリア中部、トスカナ州ピサ県の県都。人口8万5379(2001国勢調査速報値)。アルノ川の河口から13キロメートル上流に位置し、鉄道・道路交通の要衝である。かつては沼が多く、しばしばアルノ川の氾濫(はんらん)にみまわれてきたが、幾世紀にも及ぶ干拓事業によって豊かな農業地帯にかえられた。また工業に関しても、伝統的な羊毛工業、ガラス・陶器の製造に加えて、機械、化学、薬品、食品の諸工業が立地するようになった。ピサの名を世界的に有名にしているのは、ピサ大聖堂に付属する高さ約55メートルの鐘塔、いわゆる「ピサの斜塔」(1173~1350)である。その傾斜防止は、ベネチアの地盤沈下防止とともにイタリアの国家的課題となっていた。1990年、一般公開には危険な角度にまで傾斜したことにより閉鎖。以後11年にわたり修復作業が行われ、2001年工事が終了した。1343年創設の大学と、1813年ナポレオンによって設立されたスクォーラ・ノルマーレ・スペリオーレ(高等師範学校)がある。 [堺 憲一] 歴史歴史は紀元前1世紀にさかのぼるが、ローマ時代の遺跡はほとんどない。紀元後9、10世紀から海上勢力として発展し、11世紀にはジェノバとともに西地中海のイスラム海軍を圧倒した。トスカナ地方の港として商業的に繁栄し、自治都市として発展した。13世紀末にはライバルであるジェノバに敗れ、コルシカやサルデーニャの支配権を失った。1406年にフィレンツェに征服された。文化的中心としてなお重要性を維持したが(ピサ大学)、経済的にはメディチ家が力を入れた港リボルノの興隆の前に衰退していった。 [清水廣一郎] [参照項目] |付設する鐘塔(カンパニーレ)が「ピサの斜塔」として有名。外面を白大理石と色大理石で飾り、列拱を巡らす。アプス付きの袖廊を両翼に有するラテン十字形プラン。ブスケート設計 1063年~14世紀 世界文化遺産「ピサのドゥオモ広場」の一部(イタリア・1987、2007年登録) イタリア ピサ©Masashi Tanaka"> ピサ大聖堂 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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