Buhen

… [Yasuo Takahashi]
[Western]
Moats surrounding cities, castles, and buildings are as old as architecture itself. For example, the circular structure excavated at Tell Gubba in Iraq (c. 3000 BC) was surrounded by a circular dry moat. The fortress of Buhen, built in Nubia during the 12th Dynasty (c. 1870 BC), was surrounded by a dry moat 9 meters wide and 7 meters deep, and the brick wall of the temple city of Madinat-Habū (c. 1200-c. 1160 BC) during the 20th Dynasty was also surrounded by a dry moat. Early defensive structures began with the construction of earthworks, and a natural moat was created in front of them to extract soil for the earthworks, further enhancing the effectiveness of the earthworks.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Buhen" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…【高橋 康夫】
［西洋］
　都市や城郭や建物を囲む堀は建築の起源と同じくらい古く，たとえば，イラクのテル･グッバで発掘された円形建造物(前3000ころ)も環状の空堀で囲まれていた。古代エジプトの第12王朝(前1870ころ)にヌビアにつくられたブヘンBuhenの要塞は幅9m，深さ7mの空堀で囲まれ，第20王朝の神殿都市マディーナト･ハーブーMadīnat‐Hābū(前1200ころ‐前1160ころ)の煉瓦造の周壁も空堀で取り巻かれていた。初期の防備施設は土塁を築くことから始まり，土塁用の土を採掘するため，前方に自然に堀がつくられ，堀によって土塁の効果がさらに高められていた。…

※「Buhen」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報