… From the 19th century until the abolition of slavery, Europeans actively explored the interior of Africa. Representative explorers of this era include Mungo Park of Scotland, who twice explored the upper reaches of the Niger River in West Africa between 1795 and 1806; Hugh Clapperton (1788-1827), also of Scotland, who crossed the Sahara Desert and reached West Africa in the 1820s; David Livingstone, a missionary who explored East Africa several times in the 1850s and 1870s; and Henry M. Stanley, an English-born American journalist who became famous for discovering the lost Livingstone at Ujiji on the shores of Lake Tanganyika and who was commissioned by King Leopold II of Belgium to demonstrate his skill in colonizing the Congo. Although the explorations were originally motivated by scientific curiosity and humanitarian imperatives, the information they provided about the African interior further fueled the territorial ambitions of the European powers in the second half of the 19th century. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Clapperton, H." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 奴隷制廃止にいたるまでのあいだに,19世紀に入る前後からヨーロッパ人によるアフリカ内陸部探検が盛んに行われていた。1795年から1806年にかけて2度も西アフリカのニジェール川上流付近を探検したスコットランドのマンゴ・パーク,1820年代にサハラ砂漠を横断し西アフリカにいたった同じスコットランドのヒュー・クラッパートンHugh Clapperton(1788‐1827)や50‐70年代に幾度も東アフリカを探検した宣教師デビッド・リビングストン,行方不明になったリビングストンをタンガニーカ湖畔のウジジで発見して名を知られ,さらにベルギー国王レオポルド2世の依頼を受けてコンゴの植民地化に辣腕をふるったイギリス生れのアメリカ人ジャーナリスト,ヘンリー・M.スタンリーなどは,この時代の探検家を代表する人びとである。探検はもともと科学的興味や人道主義的使命感からはじめられたものであったが,これによってもたらされたアフリカ内陸部に関する情報は,19世紀後半におけるヨーロッパ列強の領土的野心をいっそう刺激する結果を生んだ。… ※「Clapperton,H.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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