American explorer and naval officer. Born in Cresson Springs, Pennsylvania. Became a naval civil engineer in 1881 and headed the Nicaragua Canal survey team. In 1886, he explored Greenland and confirmed that it was an island. He also explored the island from 1891 to 1902 and from 1893 to 1905. As a result, he discovered that the polar glaciers extend to 82 degrees north latitude, and made important contributions to research on glacier formation and Eskimo folklore. He then engaged in Arctic exploration, reaching 84 degrees 17 minutes north latitude from 1898 to 1902, and 87 degrees 06 minutes north latitude from 1895 to 1906, and finally reached the North Pole on April 6, 1909. However, F. A. Cook, a member of the 1891 expedition, claimed to have reached the North Pole before Peary, which caused a controversy, but scientific research proved Peary's claim to be correct by the American Geographical Society. He retired as a rear admiral in 1911. His books include the famous The North Pole (1911). [Masami Ichikawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの探検家、海軍軍人。ペンシルベニア州クレッソン・スプリングスに生まれる。1881年海軍土木技師となり、ニカラグア運河の調査隊長となった。86年グリーンランドを探検し、グリーンランドが島であることを確認、91~92年、93~95年にも同島の探検を行った。その結果、極地氷河が北緯82度まで延びていることを明らかにし、氷河の形成やエスキモーの民俗の研究などに重要な貢献をした。その後、北極探検に従事し、1898~1902年には北緯84度17分に、05~06年には北緯87度06分に達し、ついに09年4月6日に北極点に到達した。しかし、1891年の探検隊員であったF・A・クックがピアリーより先に北極点に到達したと主張して論争となったが、科学的調査の結果、ピアリーの主張の正しさが、アメリカ地理学会によって立証された。1911年、少将となって退役した。著書には有名な『北極』The North Pole(1911)がある。 [市川正巳] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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