Water purified by distillation. Water easily dissolves many substances, and the water around us, i.e. tap water, well water, river water, etc., contains various organic and inorganic substances and is not pure water. Therefore, when pure water is required for chemical operations or medicines, tap water or well water is heated and boiled, and the generated water vapor is cooled and condensed to produce distilled water. Various devices have been devised to produce distilled water. Glass devices are contaminated with traces of alkali, and copper devices with traces of copper, but quartz devices have fewer impurities. Furthermore, when distilling in air, suspended matter from the air gets in, and carbon dioxide and air also dissolve. Therefore, when conducting precise experiments, water that has been distilled once is mixed with a small amount of potassium permanganate and then redistilled in a hard glass or quartz container. The hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of pure water is 7, which is called equilibrium water, but if it is left in the air it absorbs carbon dioxide and becomes slightly acidic, at around pH 5.7. Water purified using ion exchange resins or other methods is sometimes used in the same way as distilled water, and these are collectively called purified water. [Nakahara Katsunori] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
蒸留によって精製した水。水は多くの物質を溶かしやすく、われわれの身の回りにある水、すなわち水道水、井戸水、河川水などは各種の有機物、無機物などを含んでいて純粋な水ではない。したがって化学的な操作や医薬品などとして純粋な水が必要なときは、水道水や井戸水などを加熱、沸騰させ、発生した水蒸気を冷却、凝縮させて蒸留水とする。 蒸留水をつくるのには各種の装置がくふうされている。ガラス製装置では微量のアルカリ、銅製では微量の銅などが混入してくるが、石英製のものでは不純物の混入が少ない。さらに空気中で蒸留すると、空気中の浮遊物が入り込むし、二酸化炭素や空気も溶け込んでくる。したがって精密な実験をするときには、1回蒸留した水に少量の過マンガン酸カリウムを加え、硬質ガラスあるいは石英容器中で再蒸留したものが用いられる。純粋な水の水素イオン濃度(pH)は7であり、これを平衡水というが、空気中に放置すると二酸化炭素を吸収して弱酸性のpH5.7程度となる。 イオン交換樹脂などを用いて精製した水を蒸留水と同じように用いることがあり、これらをあわせて精製水といっている。 [中原勝儼] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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