A type of hot forging machine for metal materials, also called a drop hammer. It is named after the fact that a die tool is attached to a heavy iron hammer called a ram, which falls freely to strike the material placed on the anvil. It generates considerable noise and vibration when striking. The capacity of the hammer is expressed by the total weight of the falling part, and most are between several hundred kilograms and about 2 tons. A chain hammer uses a chain to raise the ram to a specified height, while a belt hammer uses a belt. A board hammer uses a method in which a long, hard plate is sandwiched between two friction rollers that rotate in opposite directions and the plate is raised by the rotation of the rollers. A spring hammer is a machine that uses the reaction of a leaf spring to accelerate the ram and increase the striking force. Hammers that use compressed air to accelerate the fall include air hammers that operate at low pressure (5 to 7 atmospheres) and hammers that use high-pressure air (or nitrogen gas) of over 100 atmospheres. The latter was developed in the United States in 1957 and is known as Dynapak. The ram falls at a speed of 15 to 20 meters per second. It is a representative high-energy, high-speed forging machine. [Takahashi Hiroo] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
金属材料の熱間鍛造機の一種で、ドロップハンマーともいう。ラムとよばれる重い鉄槌(てっつい)に金型工具を取り付け、これの自由落下によって、金敷上に置かれた素材を打撃するのでこの名がある。打撃の際かなりの騒音・振動を生じる。ハンマーの容量は落下部の総重量で表し、数百キログラムから2トン程度までのものが多い。ラムを所定の高さに引き上げるのにチェーンを使うのがチェーンハンマー、ベルトを使うのがベルトハンマーである。硬質の長い厚板を二つの互いに逆方向に回転する摩擦ローラーの間に挟み、ローラーの回転によって板を引き上げる方式のものがボードハンマーである。ばねハンマーは、板ばねの反動を利用して、ラムに加速度をつけて打撃力を増すようにくふうした機械である。圧縮空気を利用して落下の加速度をつけるハンマーには、低圧(5~7気圧)で作動する空気ハンマーと、100気圧以上に及ぶ高圧空気(または窒素ガス)を用いるハンマーとがある。後者は1957年にアメリカで開発されダイナパックDynapakの名で知られており、ラムの落下速度が毎秒15~20メートルに及ぶ。高エネルギー高速度鍛造機の代表である。 [高橋裕男] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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