One of the two principles proposed by Freud that govern the human mind. Human speech and behavior are thought to be based on the pursuit of pleasure (releasing tension and keeping it as low as possible) and the satisfaction of impulses (pleasure principle), but in contrast to this, the reality principle is said to involve temporarily postponing the satisfaction of impulses and enduring discomfort in accordance with the demands of reality and perception of reality. At first glance, the reality principle is easily seen as a principle opposed to the pleasure principle, but this does not negate the pleasure principle. The reality principle does not abandon the pursuit of pleasure, but merely postpones satisfaction temporarily, and ultimately seeks satisfaction, so it is considered a modification of the pleasure principle. It refers to the detour that is taken when haste makes haste. While the pleasure principle governs the unconscious primary process, the reality principle governs the preconscious and conscious, i.e., secondary processes. [Daisaku Tonobayashi and Masamichi Kawabata] "Freud, translated by Tsuneo Imura, 'Formulas Concerning Two Principles of Mental Phenomena' (included in 'Collected Works of Freud 6', 1970, Jinbun Shoin)" [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フロイトが人間の心を支配する二つの原則として提唱したものの一つ。人間の言動は快感(緊張を解放して緊張をできるだけ低く保つこと)を求めるものであり、衝動の満足を求めているものと考えられるが(快感原則)、これと対照的に、現実の要請や現実認識に従い衝動の満足を一時的に延期し、不快に耐えることを現実原則に従うという。一見、現実原則は快感原則に対立した原則のようにみなされやすいが、これは快感原則を否定するものではない。快感追求を放棄するものではなく、ただ一時的に満足を先延ばしするだけで、終極的には満足を求めるのであるから、現実原則は快感原則の変形とみなされる。急がば回れというときの回り道のことをいっている。快感原則は無意識的一次過程を支配しているのに対し、現実原則は前意識と、意識すなわち二次過程を支配している原則である。 [外林大作・川幡政道] 『フロイト著、井村恒郎訳「精神現象の二原則に関する定式」(『フロイト著作集6』所収・1970・人文書院)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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