Inventor of crucible steel casting in England. Huntsman, a watchmaker in the town of Doncaster, tried to obtain high-quality steel by melting steel and separating the residue contained in it, as the quality of the German steel for springs he imported was poor. This challenged the common sense that pig iron melts but steel with a high melting point does not. Around 1740, he applied a brass crucible melting furnace, in which metal is sealed in a crucible and melted, and achieved his goal by using high temperatures obtained by using coke as fuel. At first, Sheffield cutlery makers refused to use it because it was hard and difficult to process, but it was exported to a French maker, and when the superiority of the cutlery made by the French maker threatened their position, they decided to adopt it, and it has since become the basis of the reputation of Sheffield cutlery. [Mamoru Nakazawa] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスのるつぼ鋳鋼の発明者。ドンカスターの町の時計師だったハンツマンは、輸入するぜんまい用のドイツ鋼の質が悪いので、鋼を溶解して含まれる残滓(ざんし)を分離することによって良質の鋼を得ようとした。銑鉄は溶けるが融点の高い鋼は溶けないという常識への挑戦であった。1740年ごろ、金属をるつぼに密閉して溶解する真鍮用るつぼ溶解炉(しんちゅうようるつぼようかいろ)を適用し、コークスを燃料とすることによって得られる高温で目的を達した。初め硬くて加工しにくいのを理由にシェフィールドの刃物業者は使用を拒否したが、フランス業者に輸出され、それからつくった刃物の優秀さのために地位を脅かされるに及び採用に踏み切り、以来シェフィールド刃物の名声の基礎となった。 [中沢護人] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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