The capital of Karnataka state in southern India. Population 4,292,223 (2001). Located on the Deccan Plateau at an altitude of 940 meters on the southeastern edge of the state, the city has the most comfortable environment in southern India, with an average annual temperature of 23.6°C, despite being located at around 13 degrees north latitude. The city's history is new, dating back to 1537 when local feudal lord Kempe Gowda built it as a castle town. In the early 17th century, it became the territory of the Maratha Bone Sara, and in 1687 it was passed on to the Hindu feudal lord of Mysore. It was then handed over to the Muslim Hyder Ali in 1758, but in 1791 it was invaded by the British, and in 1899 it became a Hindu princely state under British protection. Between 1831 and 1881, the British had direct control over the city, establishing military and administrative bases, but control was later passed on to the feudal lords, who continued to do so until independence. As a result of the strong British influence from the 19th century onwards, urban development was thorough, with many green spaces in the city, earning it the nickname of "Park City." The city's favorable climate also makes it the largest academic research city in South India, with the Indian Institute of Science (established in 1911), the Raman Scientific Research Institute (established in 1943), central government research institutes established after independence, a state university, and an agricultural university. With this technological research as a backdrop, industrialization progressed in the 20th century, and the city is home to a national aircraft factory, a national machine tool factory, and chemical and machinery-related industries. [Shuichi Nakayama] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
インド南部、カルナータカ州の州都。人口429万2223(2001)。州南東端の標高940メートルのデカン高原上に位置するため、北緯13度付近にありながら、年平均気温は23.6℃で、南インドでもっとも快適な環境を有する都市である。市の歴史は新しく、1537年地方領主ケンペ・ゴウダが城下町として建設したのに始まる。17世紀初頭にはマラータ人のボーンサラの領地となり、1687年マイソールのヒンドゥー教徒領主の手に渡った。さらに1758年にイスラム教徒のハイダル・アリーに移譲されたが、91年にはイギリスが侵攻、99年にイギリス保護下のヒンドゥー教徒の藩王領となった。1831~81年の間、イギリスが直接支配権をもち、軍事・行政の拠点を築いたが、その後、支配権は藩王の手に渡り独立まで続いた。 このように19世紀以降、イギリスの強い影響を受けたため、都市整備が行き届き、市街は緑の空間を多く取り入れ、公園都市とよばれている。また気候に恵まれていることから、インド科学研究所(1911設立)、ラーマン科学研究所(1943設立)、独立後に設立された中央政府系研究所、州立総合大学、農業大学などをもち、南インド最大の学術研究都市となっている。こうした技術研究を背景に、20世紀に入って工業化が進み、国営航空機工場、国営機械器具工場をはじめ、化学・機械関係工業などが集中している。 [中山修一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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