Parma (English spelling)

Japanese: パルマ（英語表記）Parma

Parma is the capital of the province of Parma in the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy. It is located about 120 km southeast of Milan, overlooking the Parma River, a tributary of the Po River, and occupies a key position on the Via Emilia. A Roman colony was established in 183 BC, and it developed as an administrative and commercial center. It became a Papal State in 1512, and was ruled by the Farnese family from 1545 until 1731, and art and culture flourished under their protection. Currently, the city is mainly involved in agricultural product processing, and Parmesan cheese is world famous. Other industries include alcohol, fertilizer, glass, machinery, and chemicals. There is a university founded in the 11th century, and the Lombard-Romanesque cathedral (rebuilt in the 12th century) houses Correggio's "Assumption of the Virgin Mary." It is also known that the French writer Stendhal once lived here and set his novel "The Abbey of Parma" (1839) here. Population: 186,690 (2011 estimate).

Parma
Palma, Jacopo

[Birth] 1480. Serena
Died in 1528. Venice. Italian Venetian painter. Born Jacopo d'Antonio Nigretti. Also known as Palma Vecchio. Spent most of his life in Venice. He is said to have studied under G. Bellini, but his taste for pastoralism and coloring were more strongly influenced by Giorgione, and Titian was also evident. His style of painting, such as Jacob and Rachel's Meeting (Dresden State Picture Gallery) and Sacra Conversazione (Holy Conversation), featured emotional figures set against the backdrop of idyllic rural landscapes, and he excelled in incorporating cheerful, poetic sentiment into them. He also produced many masterpieces of female figures, such as the altarpiece Saint Barbara in the Santa Maria Formosa Basilica.

Parma
Palma

Official name: Palma de Mallorca. A port city located on the southwest coast of Mallorca, in the Balearic Islands, in the western Mediterranean Sea, east of Spain. It is the capital of the Balearic Region and Balearic Province. It became a Roman colony in 123 BC. It came under the control of the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century, was conquered by Arabs in the 8th century, and became the property of the Aragonese royal family in 1229. It shipped grain, olive oil, almonds, oranges, etc. Its main products are furniture, pottery, decorative glass, and wool products. Many castles of ancient Arab dynasties and buildings built in the Middle Ages remain. Population: 296,754 (estimated 1991).

Parma
Palma, Ricardo

Born: February 7, 1833 in Lima
[Died] October 6, 1919. Lima. Peruvian writer and politician. He served as a senator from 1868 to 1872, and later served as director of the National Library, where he devoted himself to creative writing and criticism. He is famous for his "Tradiciones peruanas" (Collection of Peruvian Legends), published between 1872 and 1910.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

イタリア北部，エミリアロマーニャ州パルマ県の県都。ミラノ南東約 120km，ポー川の支流パルマ川にのぞみ，エミリア街道の要地を占める。前 183年にローマの植民地が建設され，行政，商業の中心地として発達。 1512年に教皇領となり，45年以後 1731年までファルネーゼ家が支配し，その保護を受けて芸術，文化が栄えた。現在農産物の加工業が多く，パルメザン・チーズは世界的に有名。そのほかアルコール，肥料，ガラス，機械，化学などの工業が行われる。 11世紀創設の大学があり，ほかにコレッジオの『聖母被昇天』があるロンバルディア・ロマネスク様式の大聖堂 (12世紀再建) がある。フランスの作家スタンダールが一時過し，ここを舞台に『パルムの僧院』 (1839) を書いたことでも知られる。人口 18万6690（2011推計）。

パルマ
Palma， Jacopo

[生]1480. セリーナ
[没]1528. ベネチア
イタリアのベネチア派の画家。本名 Jacopo d'Antonio Nigretti。別名パルマ・ベッキオ。生涯のほとんどをベネチアでおくった。 G.ベリーニに学んだとされるが，その田園牧歌的趣味や色彩法などにはむしろジョルジョーネの影響が強く，またティツィアーノの影響も認められる。彼の画風は，『ヤコブとラヘルの出会い』 (ドレスデン国立絵画館) や『サクラ・コンベルサツィオーネ (聖なる会話) 』などのように，のどかな田園風景を背景にして情緒的な人物像を配し，そこに明朗な詩情を盛込むのを得意とした。また，サンタ・マリア・フォルモーサ聖堂祭壇画の『聖バルバラ』など，婦人像にも傑作が多い。

パルマ
Palma

正式名称パルマデマヨルカ Palma de Mallorca。スペイン東方，地中海西部，バレアレス諸島，マヨルカ島の南西岸に位置する港湾都市。バレアレス州，バレアレス県の県都。前 123年ローマの植民地となる。6世紀にビザンチン帝国の支配下に入り，8世紀アラブ人に征服され，1229年アラゴン王家の所領となる。穀物，オリーブ油，アーモンド，オレンジなどを積出す。主産物は家具，陶器，装飾ガラス，羊毛製品など。古代アラブ王朝の居城や中世に建てられた建築物が多く残されている。人口 29万 6754 (1991推計) 。