Urban Revolution

…He looked for the growth of human population as an indicator of human evolution. He considered the start of plant cultivation and livestock production to be the first revolution in human history, i.e., the Neolithic Revolution, and evaluated the series of phenomena that resulted from this, such as the development of settlements and building materials, the invention of artificial irrigation to increase production efficiency, the development of trade and transportation based on the surplus production that resulted from this, the invention of bronze tools that made it possible for specialized craftsmen to exist and the establishment of a division of labor, and eventually the establishment of cities where they lived and the emergence of a ruling class, as the second revolution, i.e., the Urban Revolution, and argued that these revolutions were achieved in the ancient Orient and Egypt and then spread to the world. And the next third revolution corresponds to the Industrial Revolution. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "Urban Revolution" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…彼は人類進化の指標を人口の増加に求めた。植物栽培と家畜による食糧生産の開始をもって人類史の第一革命すなわち新石器革命Neolithic Revolutionと考え，その結果として生じてくる定住と建築材の発達，生産効果をあげるための人工灌漑のくふう，それらが生み出した余剰生産をもとに交易と運送機関が発達し，青銅器の発明からくる専業工人などの存在が可能となって分業が成立し，やがて彼らの居住する都市が成立して支配階級が出現する等の一連の現象を第二革命すなわち都市革命Urban Revolutionと評価し，これらの革命が古代オリエントとエジプトで達成されたのち世界に伝播したと主張した。そして次の第三革命が産業革命Industrial Revolutionに相当するという。…

※「Urban Revolution」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報