Pulse code modulation

Japanese: パルス符号変調 - ぱるすふごうへんちょう(英語表記)pulse code modulation
Pulse code modulation

A pulse modulation method for pulse communication. A modulation method in which analog signals such as telephone signals are converted into pulse codes and transmitted digitally, and then converted back to the original analog signals on the receiving side for communication. Also called PCM for short.

Specifically, the amplitude value (sample value) of the signal is extracted at a certain fixed period, this is approximated (quantized) with an integer amplitude value, and the integer representing this amplitude value is converted (encoded) into a binary code pulse train and transmitted. On the receiving side, the signal transmitted in binary code is converted (decoded) into quantization levels using the reverse operation, and restored to a continuous analog signal. The restored analog signal has an error from the original analog signal due to quantization, but this error can be kept sufficiently small by increasing the number of digits (number of bits) in the binary code.

The PCM method was invented in 1937 by Alec Harley Reeves (1902-1971) of England. When transmitting analog signals, waveform distortion that occurs along the transmission line is unavoidable, but with PCM, as long as the presence or absence of pulses is accurately reproduced, faithful transmission is possible with only errors resulting from approximating (quantizing) the input signal, and it has the advantage of being less susceptible to the effects of noise along the transmission line. In addition, by arranging the pulse trains (digital signals) for each line coded using the PCM method with a time shift, it is possible to transmit signals from multiple lines using a single transmission line. This is called time division multiplexing (TDM).

[Ryo Tsuboi and Tetsuya Miki]

[Reference item] | Pulse communication | PCM broadcasting

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

パルス通信におけるパルス変調方式の一つ。電話などのアナログ信号をパルス符号に変換してデジタル伝送し、受信側ではまた元のアナログ信号に戻して通信を行う変調方式。略してPCMともいう。

 具体的には、ある一定周期で信号の振幅値(標本値)を抽出し、これを整数の振幅値で近似(量子化)し、その振幅値を表わす整数を二進符号のパルス列に変換(符号化)して伝送する。受信側では二進符号で伝送されてきた信号を逆の操作で量子化レベルに変換(復号化)し、これを連続したアナログ信号に復元する。復元したアナログ信号は量子化により元のアナログ信号とは誤差があるが、二進符号の桁(けた)数(ビット数)を増すことによりこの誤差を十分小さく抑えることができる。

 PCM方式は1937年イギリスのリーブスAlec Harley Reeves(1902―1971)によって発明された。アナログ信号を伝送する方式では伝送路の途中で生じる波形のひずみが避けられないが、PCMではパルスの有無さえ正確に再生されれば入力信号を近似(量子化)した誤差のみで、忠実な伝送が可能であり、伝送路での雑音の影響も受けにくいという長所がある。また、PCM方式で符号化された各回線ごとのパルス列(デジタル信号)を時間的にずらして並べることにより、一つの伝送路を用いて複数の回線の信号を伝送することも可能である。これを時分割多重(TDM)という。

[坪井 了・三木哲也]

[参照項目] | パルス通信 | PCM放送

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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