Research into the theory of planetary motion based on the laws of mechanics began after I. Newton established his system of mechanics. The geocentric and heliocentric theories that existed before Newton were attempts to geometrically explain the motion of the planets as seen from the Earth. The geocentric theory of Ptolemy, who compiled Greek astronomy, placed the Earth at the center of the universe and explained the motion of the Sun and planets as a combination of circular motion (epicycles). N. Copernicus' heliocentric theory replaced the roles of the Sun and Earth in the geocentric theory. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
力学法則に基づく惑星の運動論の研究は,I.ニュートンによる力学体系が確立されてから始まった。ニュートン以前の天動説や地動説は,地球から見た惑星の運動を幾何学的に説明しようとしていたといってよい。ギリシア天文学を集大成したプトレマイオスによる天動説では,地球を宇宙の中心に置き,太陽と惑星の運動を円運動(周転円)の組合せで説明している。N.コペルニクスの地動説は,天動説における太陽と地球の役割をおきかえた。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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