A solid is a limited portion of space that is surrounded by surfaces, such as a cylinder, cone, polyhedron, or sphere. Usually, a solid is something that does not extend infinitely, but objects that do extend infinitely, such as cylinders and cones, can also be called solids. When solids are considered more broadly to include things like straight lines and planes, they are called spatial figures. The study of the properties of spatial figures is called solid geometry. To represent a solid on a plane, a sketch is usually used, but there are various projection methods that provide more precision. Of these, the most commonly used is orthographic projection, which is a method of drawing a plan, elevation, and side view. [Minoru Kurita] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
柱体、錐体(すいたい)、多面体、球のように空間の限られた一部分であって、面で囲まれたものを立体という。普通、立体といえば、無限に延びていないものであるが、無限に延びた円柱や円錐のようなものも立体とよぶこともある。立体をもっと広く考えて、直線、平面のようなものをも含めたときは、空間図形という。空間図形の性質を研究する学問を立体幾何という。また、立体を平面上の図で表すのには、普通、見取図が使われるが、さらに精密な方法としていろいろな投影図法がある。そのなかで、もっともよく用いられるのは、平面図、立面図、および側面図をかいて示す正投影である。 [栗田 稔] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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