Progressive paralysis - Paralysis

Japanese: 進行麻痺 - しんこうまひ
Progressive paralysis - Paralysis

This is one type of degenerative syphilis that occurs 10 years or more after infection, and is caused by degeneration of the central nervous system. It is divided into the prodromal, prime, and terminal stages, and symptoms are extremely diverse. Mental disorders in the prodromal stage include a decline in memory and lack of attention, loss of inhibitions, a decline in moral values, and personality changes, leading to depression in many cases. Paralytic attacks also occur, which are divided into apoplexy type and epilepsy type. Speech disorders also occur.

In the prime of life, dementia progresses and the overall mental state is affected, resulting in various mental disorders. Hand tremors, speech and grammar disorders due to paralysis of the lips and tongue, and writing disorders such as typos and spelling errors become noticeable. Other symptoms include pupil deformation, ophthalmoplegia, and optic atrophy. In addition, loss of skin reflexes and liver and kidney dysfunction may also occur.

In the final stages, the paralysis becomes so severe that it becomes impossible to eat, and the anal sphincter becomes paralyzed, causing involuntary defecation.

The course of the disease varies, but generally it may become stationary over a period of 2 to 5 years, or it may progress rapidly. Sometimes the disease will heal spontaneously, or may improve with fever therapy.

Cerebrospinal fluid tests show increased protein and cell counts, and the cerebrospinal fluid is positive for syphilis, especially the TPHA test (syphilis hemagglutination test). In recent years, cases of progressive paralysis have become extremely rare.

[Shoji Okamoto]

[References] | Neurosyphilis | Syphilis

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

梅毒に感染後10年以降に発生する変性梅毒の一つで、中枢神経系の変性が原因である。前駆期、旺盛(おうせい)期および末期に分けられており、症状はきわめて多種多様である。前駆期における精神障害としては、記憶力の減退および注意力の欠乏を訴え、抑制力は消失し、道徳観念の減退、さらには性格の変化が生じて、多くの例ではうつ状態になる。また麻痺性発作が発生するが、これは卒中型とてんかん型とに分けられている。このほか言語障害がある。

 旺盛期には認知症が進行し、精神状態は全体に冒されて、種々の精神障害を生ずる。手のふるえ、唇や舌などの麻痺による言語および構語の障害、書字の障害として脱字・誤字が目だってくる。このほか瞳孔(どうこう)変形、眼筋麻痺、視神経萎縮(いしゅく)があり、さらに皮膚反射の消失、肝・腎(じん)機能障害がみられることもある。

 末期になると麻痺状態は高度となり、食事の摂取も不可能となる一方、肛門(こうもん)括約筋も麻痺して不随意的に排便をするようになる。

 経過はいろいろであるが、一般には2~5年の経過とともに静止するものや、急速に進行するものもある。ときには自然治癒したり、発熱療法により軽快することもある。

 脳脊髄(せきずい)液の検査成績として、タンパク量および細胞数の増加があるほか、脳脊髄液の梅毒反応、とくにTPHAテスト(梅毒の感作(かんさ)血球凝集反応)が陽性になっている。近年では、進行麻痺の症例の発生は、きわめてまれになっている。

[岡本昭二]

[参照項目] | 神経梅毒 | 梅毒

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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