Clippers - Barikan

Japanese: バリカン - ばりかん
Clippers - Barikan

A hair clipper is a barber's tool used for cutting hair. The French manufacturer Bariquant et Marre became the common name for hair clippers in Japan. In Japan, the first two-handed clippers were imported from France in 1874 (Meiji 7) by Hishiya (now Maruzen) in response to the edict on cutting hair and removing swords (1871). The first domestically produced clippers were prototyped and put into practical use in 1888 by former gunsmith Ito Kanekichi (Osaka). In the Kanto region, a domestic clipper was successfully produced using a French one-handed spring-loaded clipper imported by Maya Shokai in Yokohama as a model, and in 1890, gunsmith Nakamura Yutaro of Hongo, Tokyo, sold the first domestically produced one-handed clipper. During the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-95), the buzzcut style became established and became widely used in the military, and in 1920 (Taisho 9), electric clippers began to be imported from the United States. Nowadays, cordless electric hair clippers are also popular.

[Yasutada Tsubouchi]

Clippers
From the left, a two-handed jack (late Meiji period), a one-handed spring-loaded hair clipper (early Showa period), and a beard clipper (early Taisho period). ©Shogakukan ">

Clippers


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

毛髪刈り込み用の理容器具で、正しくはヘアクリッパー。フランスの製造会社バリカン・エ・マールBariquant et Marreが刈り込み用器具の日本での一般名称になった。日本では散髪脱刀令(1871)に伴い1874年(明治7)フランスから両手式のものを菱屋(ひしや)(現丸善)が輸入したのが最初である。国産品は、88年元鉄砲鍛冶(かじ)の伊藤兼吉(大阪)が「ジャッキ」を試作、実用化した。関東では、横浜のマーヤ商会が輸入したフランスの片手用ばね式バリカンをモデルとして国産化に成功、90年に東京・本郷の鉄砲鍛冶中村友太郎が初めて国産片手バリカンを市販した。日清(にっしん)戦争(1894~95)中に丸刈りスタイルが定着、軍隊などで広く使用されるようになり、1920年(大正9)にはアメリカから電動式のものが輸入され始めた。現在ではコードレスの電動バリカンも普及している。

[坪内靖忠]

バリカン
左から、両手式ジャッキ(明治時代末期)、片手用ばね式バリカン(昭和時代初期)、ひげ刈りバリカン(大正時代初期)©Shogakukan">

バリカン


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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