The name of the female protagonist of a fairy tale. Originally a stepchild tale passed down orally, it was retold in France by Charles Perrault in Tales and Tales of Bygone Days (1697) as Cendrillon, or the Little Glass Slipper. The stepchild was called Cendrillon because she was forced to do hard housework and sat on the ashes in the kitchen. When the prince holds a ball, the stepmother's real children dress up and go out. When the stepchild cries, wanting to go, the godmother appears and transforms a pumpkin into a carriage with a walking stick, a day mouse into a horse, a fat mouse into a driver, a lizard into a servant, and the stepchild's clothes into luxurious ones, and she sends him to the ball. There, the prince notices her and they dance together, but she returns home before midnight and is back to her normal appearance. The next day, she goes back dressed in her most beautiful attire and dances, but when the clock strikes twelve, she hurries home. In the process, she leaves one of her glass slippers behind, and the prince says he will take as his wife the girl whose foot fits perfectly into the slipper. The slipper does not fit the noblewoman, but when her stepdaughter puts it on, amidst mockery, it fits perfectly. A godfather appears and hits her clothes with a walking stick, and they become luxurious again. The stepdaughter becomes the prince's wife. In Germany, the Brothers Grimm included a similar German tale in their collection of oral fairy tales entitled " Aschenputtel ". This type of stepchild tale is found all over the world, so there are many variations. In one story, the stepmother sets the stepchild a difficult task, such as picking out beans from the ashes, in order to prevent the stepchild from watching the festival, but the animals who have always been kind to her come and help her. In another story, the stepchild is given a beautiful kimono and other items by a tree that grows on the biological mother's grave, which is similar to the motif of "Hachikazuki" in the Japanese Otogi Zoshi. Cinderella is also said to have been discovered by a ring that the prince put into his soup. According to research by Sweden's Birgitta Root, this story is thought to have originated in the Orient and spread to the West and East separately. In Japanese folk tales, "Komebuku Nukabuku" is of this type, and "Ubakawa" also has a partial correspondence. [Toshio Ozawa] musicPerrault's "The Story of Cinderella" has been used as a subject for Western music in operas and ballets. The Italian Rossini's "Cinderella, or the Triumph of the Heart" (premiered in Rome in 1817) is still often performed today, while the French composer Massenet also produced the opera comique "Cinderella" (premiered in Paris in 1890). A ballet version was also produced in parallel with the opera, and today the most famous is Prokofiev's "Cinderella" (premiered in Moscow in 1945, choreographed by Zakharov, with Ulanova dancing the lead role). Prokofiev also created three concert suites from this ballet music. [Terasaki Hironori] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
昔話の女主人公の名。本来は口伝えの継子譚(ままこたん)だが、フランスではシャルル・ペローが『過ぎた昔の物語ならびに小話』(1697)のなかに『サンドリヨンまたは小さなガラスの靴』として再話している。継子が家のつらい仕事ばかりさせられ、台所の灰の上に座っているので、サンドリヨン(灰かぶり)とよばれる。王子が舞踏会を催すと、継母の実子たちは正装して出かける。継子も行きたくて泣いていると、名付け親である仙女が現れ、カボチャを杖(つえ)でたたいて馬車にし、二十日鼠(はつかねずみ)を馬に、太った鼠を御者に、トカゲを従僕に変身させ、継子の服も豪華なものに変えて、舞踏会に行かせる。そこでは王子に注目されて、ともに踊るが、夜中の12時前に帰宅して、元どおりの姿になる。翌日も美しい姿で行って踊るうち、12時の鐘が打ち始めたので急いで帰る。そのときガラスの靴の一方を置き忘れ、王子は、その靴に足のぴったりあう娘を妻に迎えるという。高貴な女性には靴があわず、嘲笑(ちょうしょう)のうちに継子が履くとぴったりあう。名付け親が現れ、服を杖でたたくとふたたび豪華な服になる。継子は王子の妻になる。ドイツではグリム兄弟が、その口伝え童話集のなかに『灰かぶり』Aschenputtelと題してドイツの類話を入れている。 この型の継子譚は世界的に分布があるので、変化も多い。継子の祭り見物を妨害するために、継母が継子に、灰の中から豆を選び出すなどの難題を課するが、いつも親切にしてもらっている動物たちがきて手伝ってくれるという話もある。また、実母の墓に生えた木から美しい着物などが与えられるという話もあり、これは、日本の御伽草子(おとぎぞうし)の『鉢かづき』のモチーフに通じる。シンデレラの発見は、王子のスープに入れた指輪によるということもある。スウェーデンのビルギッタ・ルートの研究によれば、この話はオリエント起源で、西と東に分かれて伝播(でんぱ)したものと考えられている。日本の昔話では「米福糠福(こめぶくぬかぶく)」がこの系統で、「姥皮(うばかわ)」も部分的には対応がみられる。 [小澤俊夫] 音楽ペローの「シンデレラ物語」は、西洋音楽の題材としてオペラやバレエに取り上げられてきた。オペラではイタリアのロッシーニ作曲の『シンデレラ、または真心の勝利』(1817・ローマ初演)が今日でもよく上演されるし、フランスのマスネにもオペラ・コミック『シンデレラ』(1890・パリ初演)がある。バレエ化もオペラと並行して行われてきたが、今日ではプロコフィエフ作曲の『シンデレラ』(1945・モスクワ初演。ザハロフ振付けで、主役をウラーノワが踊った)が有名。また、プロコフィエフはこのバレエ音楽から、三つの演奏会用組曲をつくっている。 [寺崎裕則] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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