Parasol - Parasol (English spelling)

Japanese: パラソル - ぱらそる(英語表記)parasol
Parasol - Parasol (English spelling)

Composed of the Latin words para (against) and sol (sun), it refers to a women's parasol. In English it is sometimes called a sunshade. In Japan it refers to a Western-style parasol.

[Yoshiko Tamura]

Western

In Rome, only women used umbrellas to protect themselves from the sun. Umbrellas first became retractable in Italy in the 13th century, and parasols became common in the 17th and 18th centuries. Umbrellas at that time were highly decorative, using white or colored patterns, as well as silk with embroidery, lining, or tassels or lace trim. In the 1820s, steel ribs were invented to replace whalebone ribs, and in 1852 U-shaped grooves were added to the ribs, and the umbrella shape changed from a shallow dish to a dome shape. At the time, there was also an umbrella called the Marquise, which had a handle that bent halfway down.

[Yoshiko Tamura]

Japan

Picture parasols, made of bamboo ribs covered in Japanese paper, became popular in the early Edo period around 1675-1690. At the time, parasols were also widely used by men, and parasols were even banned in 1749 (Kan'en 2). At the end of the Edo period, Western-style umbrellas that could be used in both rain and shine were imported from the West. The word "parasol" became common around 1897 (Meiji 30). Western-style umbrellas began to be mass-produced domestically from around 1880-1881, and were exported to China and Korea.

Today's parasols are often made of linen, silk, synthetic lace, or embroidered, and are suitable for both rain and shine, with most parasols having ribs over 40 centimeters long. Some are also foldable.

[Yoshiko Tamura]

[Reference] | Umbrella

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ラテン語のpara(反)とsol(太陽)とからなる語で、婦人用日傘のこと。英語ではサンシェードsunshadeということもある。日本では洋風日傘のことをいう。

[田村芳子]

西洋

ローマ人は日よけ用として婦人だけが傘を用いた。傘が開閉式になったのは13世紀のイタリアで、日傘が一般に普及したのは17、18世紀である。当時の傘は、白や色柄をはじめ、刺しゅうを施したり、裏地をつけたり、房やレースの縁どりなどをした絹地などを用いた、多分に装飾的なものだった。1820年代に鯨骨にかわり鋼鉄製の傘骨が発明され、1852年に骨にU字形の溝がつけられ、傘の形も浅い皿形からドーム形が一般的になった。当時、柄(え)の中途が折れ曲がるようにつくられたマルキーズという傘もあった。

[田村芳子]

日本

竹骨に和紙を張った絵日傘が流行したのは江戸前期の1675~1690年ごろで、当時は男子も日傘を盛んに用い、1749年(寛延2)には日傘禁止令まで出ている。幕末には西洋から晴雨兼用の洋傘が輸入された。また、パラソルの語が一般的になったのは1897年(明治30)ごろである。1880~1881年ごろから洋傘が国内でも量産され始めて、中国や朝鮮に輸出された。

 現在のパラソルは麻や絹、化繊のレース地や刺しゅうを施したもの、晴雨兼用型のものなどが多く、傘骨の長さは40センチメートル以上のものが多い。折り畳み式のものもある。

[田村芳子]

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