Ma Rong - Bayu

A scholar of classics in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China. His courtesy name was Ji Chang. He served as a scribe, langzhong, Wudu Commandery, as well as the governor of Nan Commandery and councillor. As a lang official, he was involved in the writings of Dongguan and recommended the learning of fellow scholar Xu Shen. He also studied the Book of Han with his brother Ma Xu from Ban Zhao (Cao Dajia, sister of Ban Gu). His official rank repeatedly stagnated due to his connections with the Deng and Liang families, who were in-laws of the imperial family. He also came from a noble family (the grandson of Ma Yuan's brother), and his arrogant personality and extravagant lifestyle combined. As a scholar, he was known as a Confucian scholar, and attempted to reconcile and integrate the theories of both modern and ancient literature. In his writings, he wrote annotations on "The Three Commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Annals," "Poetry," "Book," "Analects," and "Book of Changes," as well as on "Laozi" and "Huainanzi," demonstrating his deep knowledge of Taoist thought. His thoughts and lifestyle also showed a Laozi-Zhuangzi tendency to value life and respect freedom. He is known for his cifu (comments) such as "Ode to Guangcheng" and "Feuille du Chou."

[Yoshiro Togawa January 19, 2016]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、後漢(ごかん)の経学(けいがく)者。字(あざな)は季長(きちょう)。校書郎、郎中、武都郡、ならびに南郡太守、議郎を歴任。郎官としては東観(とうかん)の著述に従事し、同学の許慎(きょしん)の学殖に推服し、また班昭（曹大家(そうたいこ)。班固(はんこ)の妹）から『漢書(かんじょ)』を兄（馬続(ばしょく)）とともに学んだ。帝室の外戚(がいせき)鄧(とう)氏や梁(りょう)氏に関係して官位は停滞を繰り返し、また名族の出身（馬援(ばえん)の兄の孫）で驕慢(きょうまん)な性格と放逸奢侈(しゃし)の生活が重なった。学者としては通儒と称され、今古文(きんこぶん)の両学説の折衷と総合化を企て、著作に『春秋三伝(しゅんじゅうさんでん)異同説』や『詩』『書』『論語』『易(えき)』などの注釈、および『老子』『淮南子(えなんじ)』にも注し、道家思想にも造詣(ぞうけい)の深さを示した。思想や生活にも、生命を重んじ自由を尊ぶ老荘的傾向がみられる。辞賦(じふ)の作者として「広成頌(こうせいしょう)」「長笛賦(ちょうてきふ)」などが知られる。

［戸川芳郎　2016年1月19日］

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