Toland, John Willard

Japanese: トーランド(英語表記)Toland, John Willard
Toland, John Willard
Born June 29, 1912 in LaCrosse, Wisconsin
[Died] January 4, 2004. Danbury, Connecticut. American historian. Several of his World War II history books became bestsellers. After serving in the Army Air Corps during World War II, he became a freelance journalist. His first non-fiction work was "Ships in the Sky" (1957), which was about airships. His first non-fiction work, "The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936-1945" (1970), written from the Japanese perspective, won the Pulitzer Prize in the general non-fiction category. His "Adolf Hitler" (1976) is said to be the most comprehensive biography of Hitler. In "Infamy: Pearl Harbor and Its Aftermath" (1982), he argues that President Franklin D. Roosevelt knew about the plans to attack Pearl Harbor in advance but did not prevent them in order to use them as a pretext for America to enter the war. In 1997 he published a memoir, "Captured by History."

Toland
Toland, John

[Born] 1670.11.30. Red Castle
[Died] March 11, 1722, London. Irish thinker. Converted from Catholicism to the Church of England at the age of 16. Studied in England and Germany. Adopting a deistic stance and influenced by Locke, he preached that Christianity is not mystical. However, in his later years he became more pantheistic. He was called a free thinker, and this term, as well as the term pantheist, are said to originate from him. His major works include Christianity Not Mysterious (1696), Life of Milton (98), and Pantheisticon (1720).

Toland
Toland, Gregg

Born May 29, 1904 in Charleston, Illinois
Died September 28, 1948. Hollywood, California. American film cameraman and cinematographer. He perfected the pan-focus technique in Orson Welles's Citizen Kane (1941), and is known for his excellent cinematography in films such as Wuthering Heights (1939, Academy Award for Best Black-and-White Cinematography) and The Grapes of Wrath (1940).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1912.6.29. ウィスコンシン,ラクロス
[没]2004.1.4. コネチカット,ダンベリー
アメリカ合衆国の歴史研究家。第2次世界大戦について記した歴史書数冊がベストセラーになった。第2次世界大戦中に陸軍航空隊に勤務したのち,フリーランスのジャーナリストとなる。最初のノンフィクションは,飛行船をテーマにした "Ships in the Sky"(1957)だった。日本の視点から書いた『大日本帝国の興亡』The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936-1945(1970)はピュリッツァー賞(一般ノンフィクション部門)を受賞。『アドルフ・ヒトラー』Adolf Hitler(1976)は,ヒトラーの伝記としてはきわめて包括的なものといわれている。『真珠湾攻撃』Infamy: Pearl Harbor and Its Aftermath(1982)では,フランクリン・D.ルーズベルト大統領は事前に真珠湾攻撃計画を知っていたが,アメリカ参戦の口実にするためにこれを阻止しなかったと主張。1997年には回顧録 "Captured by History"を発表している。

トーランド
Toland, John

[生]1670.11.30. レッドキャッスル
[没]1722.3.11. ロンドン
アイルランドの思想家。 16歳のときカトリックから国教会に改宗。イギリス,ドイツで学んだ。理神論の立場に立ち,またロックからの影響を受け,キリスト教が神秘的なものではないことを説いた。しかし晩年は汎神論的色彩を強めた。自由思想家と呼ばれ,この言葉およびパンシースト (汎神論者) という呼び方は彼に由来するといわれる。主著『神秘的でないキリスト教』 Christianity Not Mysterious (1696) ,『ミルトン伝』 Life of Milton (98) ,『パンシースティコン』 Pantheisticon (1720) 。

トーランド
Toland, Gregg

[生]1904.5.29. イリノイ,チャールストン
[没]1948.9.28. カリフォルニア,ハリウッド
アメリカ合衆国の映画カメラマン,撮影監督。オーソン・ウェルズ監督の『市民ケーン』(1941)ではパンフォーカスの手法を完成させ,『嵐が丘』(1939,アカデミー黒白撮影賞),『怒りの葡萄』(1940)など優れた撮影技術で有名。

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