German film director. Born in Raudnitz, Czechoslovakia, and raised in Vienna. After working as a stage actor and director in Europe and the United States, he entered the German film world in 1921. He attracted attention with Joyless Street (1925), which depicted the decadent social climate after World War I. His unique realist approach to dealing with social themes reached its peak with his talkies, following on from Paris (1927) and Pandora's Box (1929). He appealed for anti-war sentiments in 1918 on the Western Front (1930) and for solidarity among workers in The Coal Mine (1931), both of which became his signature works, along with the film adaptation of Brecht-Weill's opera The Threepenny Opera (1931). He left Germany under the Nazi regime in 1933. He won the Venice Film Festival Best Director Award for his post-World War II Austrian film The Trial (1948), but retired in 1956 and died in Vienna. [Ken Okumura] Documents List of Director's Works The Joyless City of Gasse (1925) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの映画監督。チェコスロバキアのラウドニッツに生まれ、ウィーンで育つ。欧米各地で舞台俳優、演出家として活躍後、1921年ドイツ映画界に入る。第一次世界大戦後の退廃した世相を描いた『喜びなき街』(1925)で一躍注目を浴びる。社会的題材を独特のリアリズムで処理する手法は、『懐(なつ)かしの巴里(パリ)』(1927)、『パンドラの箱』(1929)を経てトーキー作品に至り絶頂期を迎える。『西部戦線1918』(1930)で反戦を、『炭坑』(1931)で労働者の連帯を訴え、両作品はブレヒト‐ワイルのオペラの映画化『三文オペラ』(1931)とともに代表作となった。1933年にナチス政権下のドイツを去る。第二次世界大戦後のオーストリア映画『審判』(1948)でベネチア国際映画祭監督賞を受賞しているが、1956年に引退し、ウィーンに没した。 [奥村 賢] 資料 監督作品一覧喜びなき街 Die freudlose Gasse(1925) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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