Timber trade

Japanese: 木材貿易 - もくざいぼうえき

According to a 1996 survey by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the world's roundwood production is 3,350,510,000 ^m3 , of which 1,503,420,000 ^m3 is for industrial use, such as logs and chips, excluding firewood and charcoal. Of this, about 8%, or 118,170,000 ^m3 , is exported, with the United States, Canada, and China ranking as the top exporters. Meanwhile, Japan is the top importer, importing about 38% of industrial timber exports. The world's lumber production is 432,360,000 ^m3 , of which about 26% is exported. The top producer is the United States, the top exporter is Canada, and the top importer is the United States. The world's production of plywood, including veneer and particle board, is 148,360,000 ^m3 , of which about 31% is for export. Indonesia, Canada, Malaysia, and others are the main producers and exporters, while the United States, Japan, and China import a lot. The world's wood pulp production is 156,420,000 tons, of which about 22% is exported. The United States, Canada, and Japan are the top producers, with the largest exports being Canada, the United States, and Sweden, and the largest imports being the United States, Germany, and Japan. In timber-producing countries, log exports are tending to be restricted due to the development of domestic industries, resource constraints, and the intensification of the environmental protection movement. In response to this, Japan has also seen a decrease in log imports, and instead, imports of lumber products such as plywood have begun to increase. Looking at lumber imports in Japan by origin, in 1996, American lumber produced in the United States and Canada accounted for 47%, Southern Sea lumber produced mainly in Southeast Asia accounted for 18%, and Northern Sea lumber produced in the Russian Far East accounted for 6%, with the proportion of Southern Sea lumber decreasing while the proportion of Northern Sea lumber increasing. In addition, among imported lumber products, the amount of American and Southern Sea lumber imports decreased after the price of American lumber rose in 1993, while Australian and European lumber imports increased. Currently, the World Trade Organization (WTO) and other organizations are considering liberalizing lumber trade around the world, and Japan is also reducing tariffs based on the WTO agreement. Additionally, APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) has positioned timber as a priority area for trade liberalization.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

1996年のFAO（国連食糧農業機関）の調査によると，世界の丸太生産量は33億5051万m³で，薪炭用を除く15億342万m³が丸太，チップなどの産業用材。このうち約８％の１億1817万m³が輸出されており，米国，カナダ，中国などが輸出国の上位を占める。一方輸入国のトップは日本で，輸出産業用材の約38％を輸入している。　世界の製材生産量は４億3236万m³で，約26％が輸出に向けられている。生産量１位は米国，輸出量１位はカナダ，輸入量１位は米国。　単板，パーティクルボードなどを含む合板の世界生産量は１億4836万m³で，うち約31％が輸出用。インドネシア，カナダ，マレーシアなどが主要な生産・輸出国で，米国，日本，中国などが多く輸入している。　木材パルプは世界で１億5642万tが生産され，うち約22％が輸出された。米国，カナダ，日本が生産国の上位を占め，輸出はカナダ，米国，スウェーデン，輸入は米国，ドイツ，日本の順で多い。　木材生産国では国内産業の育成，資源的制約，環境保護運動の活発化などを背景として丸太輸出が規制される傾向にあり，これに応じて日本でも丸太の輸入が減少，代わって合板などの製材品の輸入が増え始めている。　日本における輸入木材を産地別に見ると，1996年には米国とカナダで生産される米材が47％，主に東南アジアで生産される南洋材が18％，ロシア極東地域で生産される北洋材が６％で，南洋材の割合が減る一方，北洋材の割合が高まっている。また輸入製材品の中では，1993年の米材の価格高騰をきっかけに米材，南洋材の輸入量が減り，豪州材，欧州材が増えている。　現在，世界の木材貿易はWTO（世界貿易機関）などによって自由化のための検討が行われており，日本でもWTO協定に基づく関税引下げが実施されている。またAPEC（アジア太平洋経済協力会議）においても木材は貿易自由化の重点分野と位置付けられている。
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