Concrete block - Concrete block

Japanese: コンクリートブロック - こんくりーとぶろっく(英語表記)concrete block
Concrete block - Concrete block

A block of concrete made in a factory or on-site with a set shape and size. Although it varies slightly depending on the type, there are those made with a molding machine using relatively hard mixed concrete, and those made by vibrating and compacting concrete packed into a formwork. There are many types, but they can be broadly divided into those for architecture, civil engineering, and marine structures. Architectural concrete blocks were introduced to Japan in the mid-Meiji period, and became widespread with the establishment of the Building Standards Act for block masonry construction after World War II, and are used for apartments, offices, warehouses, block walls, etc. Concrete block structures are made based on the Reinforced Concrete Block Construction Design Standards or Curtain Wall Construction Design Standards. Concrete blocks for civil engineering use such as revetments and earth retaining walls are available in embedded and attached types. There are many shapes and sizes, and their uses are wide-ranging, including river embankment construction, road and railway construction, erosion control construction, and land reclamation and construction work. Wave-dissipating and foot-protecting blocks for marine structures are often irregular blocks with different shapes and sizes, and wave-dissipating blocks are the most commonly seen. Breakwater blocks are large blocks whose dimensions and shape are determined primarily with their wave-dissipating function in mind.

Concrete blocks are generally made of ordinary concrete, but sometimes they are made of lightweight concrete to reduce the weight of the blocks.

[Shiro Nishioka]

Uses and types of concrete blocks
©Shogakukan ">

Uses and types of concrete blocks


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

一定の形状、寸法で工場または現場でつくられる塊状のコンクリート製品。種類によって若干異なるが、比較的硬く練ったコンクリートを用い成形機でつくるものと、型枠に詰めたコンクリートを振動締め固めしてつくるものとがある。多くの種類があるが、建築用、土木用、海洋構造物用に大別できる。建築用コンクリートブロックは明治中ごろ日本に導入され、第二次世界大戦後のブロック組積造に関する建築基準法の整備に伴って普及し、アパート、事務所、倉庫、ブロック塀などに用いられている。コンクリートブロック構造物は、補強コンクリートブロック造設計規準または帳壁構造設計規準などに基づいてつくられる。護岸、土止め用など土木用としてのコンクリートブロックには、埋め込み型と貼(は)り付け型とがある。その形状、寸法には多くのものがあり、用途も河川堤防工事、道路・鉄道工事、砂防工事、埋立て・造成工事など広範囲にわたる。海洋構造物用としての消波および根固めブロックは、その形状、寸法の異なった異形ブロックが多く、もっともよく見かけるのが消波ブロックである。防波堤ブロックは大型ブロックで、消波機能を第一条件として寸法および形が決められている。

 コンクリートブロックは一般に普通コンクリートでつくられるが、ときにはブロックの軽量化を目的として、軽量コンクリートでつくられる場合もある。

[西岡思郎]

コンクリートブロックの用途と種類
©Shogakukan">

コンクリートブロックの用途と種類


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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