Papin - Papan (English spelling) Denis Papin

Japanese: パパン - ぱぱん(英語表記)Denis Papin
Papin - Papan (English spelling) Denis Papin

A French-born maker of laboratory instruments. He was the first to conceive the principle of the steam engine. He studied medicine at the University of Angers, receiving his degree in 1669. He then went to Paris, where he worked as an assistant to Huygens, on the construction of air pumps and many other laboratory instruments. In 1675, he went to London, England, and continued his experiments with air pumps as an assistant to Boyle. Around this time, he invented a pressure cooker with a safety valve, and in June 1679, he performed a public experiment at the Royal Society. In 1680, he became a member of the Royal Society, and the following year, in 1681, he led experiments at the Academy in Venice, and in 1684, he served as temporary experimental director of the Royal Society. In 1687, he was invited by the lord of Hesse in Germany to become a professor at the University of Marburg. It was here that Papin began to experimentally construct devices that used water steam, inspired by the idea of ​​a device that Huygens had taught him as a young man, which involved exploding gunpowder in a cylinder to lift a piston. The results were fully explained in a paper entitled "A New Method of Obtaining Large Motive Forces Cheaply" (1690). However, it was not put to practical use, and after hearing that the Savery engine, which used steam, had been successfully put to practical use in England, and urged by the Lord of Hesse to put it to practical use, it was ultimately unsuccessful. It was brought to England in 1707, but again it did not attract attention.

[Susumu Takayama]

[References] | Steam engine | Huygens | Boyle

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランス生まれの実験器械製作者。蒸気機関の原理を最初に着想した人。アンジェ大学で医学を学び、1669年学位を取得。その後パリに出てホイヘンスの助手として空気ポンプの製作ほか、多くの実験器具を手がけた。1675年イギリス、ロンドンに渡り、ボイルの助手として空気ポンプによる実験を続けた。このころ安全弁付きの圧力釜(がま)を発明、1679年6月にはロイヤル・ソサイエティーで公開実験を行った。1680年ロイヤル・ソサイエティー会員となり、翌1681年ベネチアのアカデミーで実験を指導、1684年にはロイヤル・ソサイエティーの臨時実験主任を務めた。1687年にはドイツのヘッセンの領主に招かれてマールブルク大学教授に就任した。この地でパパンは、若いころホイヘンスから教えられた、シリンダー内で火薬を爆発させてピストンを持ち上げる装置の着想から、水蒸気を利用する装置を実験的に製作し始めた。この結果は「大きな動力を廉価に手にする新しい方法」(1690)という論文に十分解説されている。しかし実用化するには至らず、水蒸気を用いたセーベリー機関がイギリスで実用化に成功したことを聞き、また、ヘッセン領主からも実用化を促されたが、結局は成功しなかった。1707年イギリスに渡ったが、ふたたび注目されることはなかった。

[高山 進]

[参照項目] | 蒸気機関 | ホイヘンス | ボイル

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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