Bahar (English spelling) Muammad Taqi Bahār

Iranian poet. Born in Meshed as the son of a poet laureate, Bahar was a gifted poet who began writing poetry at the age of seven. At the age of 18, he was named poet laureate by the Qajar dynasty, but he severed ties with the royal court to join the constitutional revolution movement, and published patriotic poems that criticized autocratic government and strongly appealed to his compatriots. He maintained the traditions of classical poetry and is considered to be the greatest poet of the early 20th century. He was a member of parliament and Minister of Education and was extremely active in politics, but in his later years he spent his life as a poet and scholar. Bahar's two-volume collection of poems is mainly composed of odes and lyric poems, and many of his works have themes of freedom, independence, nature, social criticism, and patriotism. His three-volume critique On Persian Style is considered to be the greatest masterpiece in this field.

[Tsuneo Kuroyanagi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イランの詩人。桂冠(けいかん)詩人の子としてメシェッドに生まれ、7歳から作詩を始めた天才的詩人。18歳のときカージャール朝から桂冠詩人の称号を受けたが、立憲革命運動にくみし宮廷との関係を絶ち、専制政治を批判し愛国的な詩を発表して同胞に強く訴えた。古典詩の伝統を保持し、20世紀前期最大の詩人と評される。代議士、文部大臣も務め政治的にも目覚ましく活躍したが、晩年は詩人、学者としての生涯を過ごした。二巻からなる『バハール詩集』は頌詩(しょうし)、叙情詩が主体で、自由、独立、自然、社会批判、愛国をテーマとする作が多い。評論『ペルシア文体論』三巻はこの分野における最高傑作と目される。

［黒柳恒男］

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