British physical chemist and historian of science. He became a professor at Birkbeck College and, as an X-ray crystallographer, carried out structural analysis of not only minerals but also amino acids, vitamins, proteins, etc. His research on the liquid structure of water (1933) is particularly representative and was the first step in research that is still ongoing today. Bernal is generally known as a historian of science, and his books such as Science in History (1954) and Science and Industry (1953) have been translated into Japanese and are widely read. The former in particular is a representative work that captures the history of science and social history from a unified perspective. After World War II, he made a great contribution to the world peace movement, serving as vice-chairman of the World Peace Council and vice-president of the World Federation of Scientists. [Arakawa Hiroshi] "The Social Function of Science" by J.D. Bernal, translated by Shoichi Sakata et al. (1951, Sogensha)" ▽ "Science and Industry" translated by Akira Sugawara (1956, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "A World Without War" by J.D. Bernal, translated by Yasuo Shizume (1959, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Science in History" translated by Yasuo Shizume (1967, Misuzu Shobo)" [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの物理化学者、科学史家。バークベック・カレッジ教授となり、X線結晶学者として、鉱物質だけではなく、アミノ酸、ビタミン、タンパク質などの構造解析を進め、とくに水の液体構造に関する研究(1933)はその代表的なもので、今日なお進みつつある研究の第一歩となった。バナールは一般には科学史家として広く知られ、『歴史における科学』(1954)、『科学と産業』(1953)などの書物は邦訳され、広範に読まれている。とくに前者は科学史と社会史を統一的観点からとらえた、その代表作である。彼は、第二次世界大戦後、世界平和評議会の副議長となり、また、世界科学者連盟の副会長を務めるなど、世界の平和運動に大きく貢献した。 [荒川 泓] 『J・D・バナール著、坂田昌一他訳『科学の社会的機能』(1951・創元社)』▽『菅原仰訳『科学と産業』(1956・岩波書店)』▽『J・D・バナール著、鎮目恭夫訳『戦争のない世界』(1959・岩波書店)』▽『鎮目恭夫訳『歴史における科学』(1967・みすず書房)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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