...In response, successive sultans sought to re-establish their own centralized, autocratic rule while responding to European demands by implementing Western reforms in such areas as the military, administration, education, and law. From the Russo-Turkish WarThe battles were fought along the Danube and on the eastern and western borders of the Caucasus, but in the Balkans, Serbs, under the leadership of P. Karađorđe, had rebelled against the Ottoman Empire and were counting on Russian support (Serbian Uprising). During the war, the Ottoman Empire was in political turmoil, with the reformist sultan Selim III (ruled 1789-1807) killed, and Russia's diplomatic relations with France also worsened. As a result, the two countries signed the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1812, under which Russia annexed Bessarabia, returned Wallachia and Moldavia to the Ottoman Empire, and Serbia gained some autonomy and a foothold on its path to independence. The Greek War of Independence, which began with the Ethereal Uprising in 1821, attracted the attention of Western European nations, and in October 1827, a combined fleet of Britain, Russia, and France defeated a Turkish-Egyptian fleet in the Battle of Navarino, paving the way for Greek independence. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Selim III" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…これに対して歴代のスルタンは,軍事,行政,教育,法制などの分野における西欧化改革を進めることによって,ヨーロッパの要求にこたえつつ,自己の中央集権的専制支配を再確立する道を模索した。 【露土戦争】より…戦闘はドナウ川沿岸とカフカスの東西両国境で戦われたが,バルカンでは,P.カラジョルジェの指導下にオスマン帝国に反乱したセルビア人がロシアの支援をあてにしていた(セルビア蜂起)。戦争中,オスマン帝国では改革派のスルタン,セリム3世Selim III(在位1789‐1807)が殺されるなど政局は定まらず,ロシア側もフランスとの外交関係が悪化したため,両国は1812年5月ブカレスト条約を結び,ロシアがベッサラビアを併合し,ワラキアとモルダビアをオスマン帝国に返還し,セルビアは若干の自治を獲得して独立への足がかりを得た。21年のエテリア蜂起に始まったギリシア人の民族独立運動(ギリシア解放戦争)は西欧諸国の関心を呼び,27年10月に,イギリス,ロシア,フランスの連合艦隊は,ナバリノの海戦で,トルコ・エジプト艦隊を破り,ギリシア独立への道を開いた。… ※「Selim III」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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