Born January 24, 1811 in Hartford, Connecticut
Died July 5, 1900. Hartford, Connecticut. Educator, jurist, and first United States Secretary of Education. Along with H. Mann, he played a leading role in the establishment and development of the American public education system. He was appointed chairman of the Connecticut State Board of Common Schools, and was instrumental in founding the Connecticut Common School Journal and Annals of Education (1838) and in founding normal schools. In 1843, he was appointed the first Rhode Island superintendent of education, and in 1855, he founded the American Journal of Education, excerpts of which have been published as Barnard's Library of Education. He later served as president emeritus of the University of Wisconsin in Madison (1858-1861) and president of St. John's College in Maryland (1866-1867). Bernard
Barnard, Chester Irving Born November 7, 1886 in Malding, Massachusetts
[Died] June 7, 1961. New York, New York. American businessman and organizational theorist. He studied at Harvard University, and joined American Telephone and Telegraph (→AT&T) in 1909. In 1927, he became president of the New Jersey Bell Telephone Company, a subsidiary of AT&T. After leaving the company, he served as president of the United Service Organization and the Rockefeller Foundation. During his tenure as president of the telephone company, he conducted research on organizations based on his experience, and wrote The Functions of the Executive (1938). Targeting not only companies but also various organizations, he viewed organizations as systems, proposed a general theory of organizational equilibrium, and developed a comprehensive basic theory, which is highly regarded as a book that built the foundation of modern organizational theory in American management studies. In addition to the above, he also wrote "Organization and Management" (1948). Bernard
Barnard, Edward Emerson Born December 16, 1857 in Nashville, Tennessee
[Died] February 6, 1923. Williams Bay, Wisconsin. American astronomer. He studied astronomy on his own from an early age, and after graduating from Vanderbilt University, he worked at Lick Observatory in 1887. From 1895 onwards, he conducted research at the University of Chicago's Yerkes Observatory and taught practical astronomy as a professor. In 1901, he participated in the US Navy Sumatra Solar Eclipse Observatory. He is known as a pioneer of astronomical photography, and is known for his detailed photographic observations of the galaxy (1889), the discovery of 16 comets and Jupiter's fifth moon Amalthea (1892), the discovery of Barnard's Star, the star known to have the largest proper motion until 1968 (1916), and the observation of dark nebulae (1919). Bernard
Barnard, Christiaan Neethling Born: November 8, 1922, Beaufort West, Cape
[Died] September 2, 2001. Paphos, Cyprus. South African cardiac surgeon. Studied medicine at the University of Cape Town, and became a surgeon at Cloete Skull Hospital in 1953. In 1956, he went to the United States to study at the University of Minnesota, where he acquired the latest knowledge and techniques in cardiac surgery. In 1958, he returned to Cloete Skull Hospital and became head of the cardiac surgery department at the University of Cape Town. In December 1967, the cardiac surgery group led by him performed the world's first successful human heart transplant, but the patient died 18 days after the operation due to rejection. However, by the late 1970s, some patients who had received heart transplants had survived for several years. He came to Japan in 1969. He served as head of the cardiac surgery department at Cloete Skull Hospital until 1983. Bernard
Barnard, Frederick Augustus Porter Born May 5, 1809 in Sheffield, Massachusetts.
[Died] April 27, 1889. New York American educator and president of Columbia University. During his 25 years in office, he developed Columbia University from an undergraduate college for men into a leading comprehensive university. He graduated from Yale University in 1828 and taught at a school for the deaf for several years. He taught mathematics, science, and English at the University of Alabama from 1838 to 1854, and at the University of Mississippi from 1854 to 1856. He was president of the University of Mississippi from 1856 to 1861. After moving to Columbia University in 1864, he advocated for the expansion of the curriculum and the adoption of a selective system for upper-year college students. He also contributed to the establishment of a mining department and the opening of universities to women, and the women's college that opened in 1889 was named Barnard College in memory of his achievements. Bernard
Bernard, Luther Lee Born: October 20, 1881.
[Died] January 24, 1951.
An American sociologist of the Chicago School. He graduated from the University of Missouri in 1907, obtained his doctorate in 2010, and after serving as professor at the Universities of Florida and Missouri, became professor of sociology at the University of Minnesota in 1917. He viewed society as collective behavior and examined its behavioral patterns in terms of stimuli and responses. Furthermore, he distinguished between direct contact and indirect contact groups as organizations of collective behavior, and even touched on the issues of leadership and control. His major works include The Teaching of Sociology in the United States (1909) and An Introduction to Social Psychology (26). Bernard
Barnard, Lady Anne [Raw] 1750
[Died] 1825
A female English poet. Born into an aristocratic Scottish family. Known for her work Auld Robin Gray (1771), which imitates an old folk song. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
