Uronic Acid - Uronic Acid

Japanese: ウロン酸 - ウロンサン
Uronic Acid - Uronic Acid

Glycuronic acid. Generally, it refers only to polyhydroxyaldehyde acids (alduronic acids) in which only the primary alcohol group of an aldose is oxidized to a carboxyl group, but in a broader sense, it also includes polyhydroxyketo acids, which are homologues of ketoses. Specific uronic acids are named by using the root of the parent sugar as a prefix, such as D -glucuronic acid, D-galacturonic acid, D -mannuronic acid, L -guluronic acid, and L -iduronic acid. Five types are known to exist in nature, and many of them exist as glycosidic bonds in animal and plant polysaccharides, especially pectin, alginic acid, and mucopolysaccharides. Since the uronide bond is not easily hydrolyzed, it is difficult to obtain free uronic acids from these polysaccharides. They are generally obtained by reducing the monolactone of the sugar acid or by appropriately protecting the hemiacetal hydroxyl group of the sugar and then oxidizing it. Uronic acids are reducing like aldoses. When naphthresorcinol is added to hydrochloric acid and heated, it produces a blue-purple color, which can be extracted with ether or benzene. The carbazole-sulfuric acid reaction produces a red color, which is used in colorimetric determinations. Uronic acids are important biochemically, and glucuronic acid in particular is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid, and also forms glycosides with certain poisons that are difficult to break down in the animal body and are excreted in the urine, so it is thought to be involved in detoxification.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

glycuronic acid.一般には,アルドースの第一級アルコール基だけをカルボキシル基に酸化した,ポリヒドロキシアルデヒド酸(アルドウロン酸)のみをさすが,広義には,ケトースの同族体であるポリヒドロキシケト酸も含める.特定のウロン酸をよぶにはその母体となる糖の語幹を接頭語として,D-グルクロン酸,D-ガラクツロン酸,D-マンヌロン酸,L-グルロン酸,L-イズロン酸などという.天然には,この5種類の存在が知られ,多くは動物,植物の多糖,とくにペクチン,アルギン酸,ムコ多糖中にグリコシド結合して存在している.ウロニド結合が加水分解を受けにくいために,これら多糖から遊離のウロン酸を得ることは困難であり,一般には,糖酸のモノラクトンを還元するか,または糖のヘミアセタール性ヒドロキシ基を適当に保護したのち,酸化すると得られる.ウロン酸はアルドースと同様に還元性を示す.ナフトレゾルシンと塩酸とを加えて熱すると青紫色を示し,この色はエーテルやベンゼンで抽出できる.カルバゾール-硫酸反応によって紅色を示し,比色定量に利用される.ウロン酸は生化学的に重要であり,とくにグルクロン酸はアスコルビン酸生合成の中間物質であるほか,動物体内で分解されにくいある種の毒物と配糖体を形成して尿中に排出されるので,解毒作用に関与していると考えられている.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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