Patríci (English spelling)

Japanese: パトリキ（英語表記）patrici

A Roman aristocracy of lineage. The name comes from pater (father). There were also the plebs (commoners) in Rome, who were citizens as well, but the origins of the two classes are unclear. The patricians formed the senate during the monarchy and apparently appointed kings by consensus. At the end of the 6th century BC, they expelled the Etruscan kings and established the Republic. The patricians took pride in their lineage, possessing land, livestock, slaves, and free people called clientera, and overpowered the plebs, monopolizing rituals and magistrates. Intermarriage between the two classes was also prohibited, and the status was finally closed after the Sabine family, Claudius, was accepted into the patrician class. However, the conflict between the two intensified due to a debt issue, and the patricians gradually made concessions and compromises. Later, high-ranking government officials such as consuls and priests were gradually freed from the status of plebs, and the status difference between the two groups disappeared when the Hortensian Law of 287 BC recognized the Plebs as the official parliament. From then on, the patrici continued to exist only as a lineage.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

古代ローマの血統貴族。 pater (父) に由来する。ローマにはほかにプレプス (平民) がおり，同様に市民であったが，両身分の起源は不明。パトリキは王政期から元老院を構成し，王を合議で指名していたらしい。前6世紀末エトルリア系の王を追放して共和政を樹立。パトリキはみずからの血統を誇り，土地，家畜，奴隷および自由人の庇護民 (クリエンテラ ) を所有してプレプスを圧し，祭祀，政務官を独占した。また両身分の通婚も禁じられ，サビニ人のクラウディウス家をパトリキに受入れたのを最後に身分を封鎖した。しかし借財問題をきっかけに両者の対立が激化し，パトリキは次第に譲歩，妥協を行なった。のち執政官 (コンスル ) などの高級政務官，神官も徐々にプレプスに解放され，前 287年のホルテンシウス法で平民会が正式の国会と認められることによって両者の身分差は消滅。以後パトリキは家系としてのみ存続した。

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