Open Alliance - Open Alliance

…As a result, conferences on American routes are under great pressure from non-member ships because they cannot adopt effective measures against non-member ships, and at the same time, they have a large number of member shipping companies, which leads to constant excessive competition due to the tendency for excess tonnage within the conference. In this way, conferences in which the actions of shipping conferences as self-regulatory organizations are severely restricted and the cartel effect cannot be fully exerted are generally called open conferences. In contrast, conferences on other routes that are not subject to such American alliance regulations, in other words, conferences that can exercise the above-mentioned shipper restraint measures and measures against non-member ships without restrictions from the countries related to the route, can impose strict restrictions on new conference entry from the viewpoint of maintaining and expanding the market share of member shipping companies, and can effectively pursue the purpose of forming the conference, are called closed conferences. …

*Some of the terminology used to refer to the "Open Alliance" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…この結果，アメリカ関係航路の同盟は，効果的な盟外船対策を採用できないため盟外船の進出から大きな圧迫を受けていると同時に，加盟船社の数を多くして同盟内部の船腹過剰傾向による過当競争をたえず招来している。このように，自主規制団体としての海運同盟の行動が著しく制限され，カルテルの効果を十分に発揮できない同盟を，一般にオープン･コンファレンス(開放的同盟)と呼んでいる。これに対して，このようなアメリカの同盟規制の及ばないその他航路の同盟，いいかえれば上記の荷主拘束手段や盟外船対抗手段を航路関係国から制限されることなく行使することができ，また加盟船社のマーケット･シェアの維持と拡大の見地から新規の同盟加入に厳しい制限を設けることができ，同盟結成の目的を効果的に追求できる同盟を，クローズド･コンファレンス(閉鎖的同盟)と呼んでいる。…

※「開放的同盟」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報