Badoglio - Pietro Badoglio

Italian military officer and politician. At the end of World War I, he served as deputy chief of staff of the army and contributed to the reconstruction of the army. After the war, he became chief of staff (1919-1921) and was later promoted to marshal (1926). Under the fascist regime, he served as army chief of staff (1925-1927) and chief of the joint chiefs of staff (1927-1940). During this time, he served as ambassador to Brazil (1923-1925) and governor of Libya (1928-1933), and participated in the Ethiopian expedition as commander-in-chief (1935-1936), becoming governor of Ethiopia after the victory (1936). Personally critical of both the invasion of Ethiopia and the intervention in the Spanish Civil War, Badoglio initially opposed Italy's entry into World War II. However, he became commander-in-chief when Italy entered the war in June 1940, and resigned in December of the same year after the failure of the Greek campaign. In July 1943, he conspired with the King to stage an anti-Mussolini coup, established a provisional government, and unconditionally surrendered to the Allies in September of the same year. He served as Prime Minister until the liberation of Rome by the Allied forces in June of the following year, 1944.

[Yasuro Shigeoka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イタリアの軍人、政治家。第一次世界大戦末期に陸軍参謀長代理として軍の再建に功績をあげ、戦後参謀長になり（1919～1921）、その後元帥に昇任（1926）。ファシズム体制下で陸軍参謀長（1925～1927）、統合参謀本部長官（1927～1940）を務める。この間ブラジル大使（1923～1925）、リビア総督（1928～1933）を歴任し、エチオピア遠征に総司令官として参加（1935～1936）、勝利のすえエチオピア総督になる（1936）。エチオピア侵略に対してもスペイン内戦への介入にも個人的には批判的であったバドリオは、第二次世界大戦へのイタリアの参戦に最初反対した。しかし1940年6月の参戦とともに総司令官になり、ギリシア作戦の失敗後、同年12月辞任。1943年7月国王と共謀して反ムッソリーニ・クーデターを起こし、臨時政府を樹立して同年9月連合国に無条件降伏した。翌1944年6月連合軍によるローマ解放まで首相の地位にあった。

［重岡保郎］

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