Ichiro Hatoyama

Politician. Born in Tokyo. Eldest son of House of Representatives Speaker Hatoyama Kazuo. Graduated from the Department of English Law at Tokyo Imperial University in 1907 (Meiji 40) and became a lawyer. After serving as a Tokyo City Council member, he became a member of the House of Representatives in 1915 (Taisho 4) and joined the Rikken Seiyukai Party. After serving as Secretary-General in 1927 (Showa 2), he became Chief Secretary of the Tanaka Giichi Cabinet. He became Minister of Education in both the Inukai Tsuyoshi Cabinet in 1931 and the Saito Makoto Cabinet in 1932, and in 1933 caused the Takigawa Incident at Kyoto University, which violated university autonomy and academic freedom. In the 1942 Imperial Rule Assistance Election, he was elected without recommendation. After Japan's defeat in World War II, he founded the Japan Liberal Party in October 1945 (Showa 20) and became its president. He was purged from public office just before the formation of the cabinet in 1946, and handed the presidency over to Yoshida Shigeru as his successor. In 1951, he returned to the Liberal Party and formed the Hatoyama faction, competing fiercely with Yoshida for leadership. In March 1953, he formed a splinter party, the Liberal Party. In 1954, he merged with the Progressive Party to form the Japan Democratic Party and became its president. After the Yoshida Cabinet resigned in December of the same year, he formed his long-awaited Cabinet and promoted an anti-Yoshida policy, including constitutional reform, rearmament, and the restoration of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and China.

In November 1955, he merged with the Liberal Party to form the Liberal Democratic Party, and became its first president in April of the following year, 1956. In May of the same year, the Japan-Soviet Fisheries Treaty was concluded, and in October he visited the Soviet Union himself and signed the Japan-Soviet Joint Declaration. He took the opportunity of restoring diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and achieving Japan's accession to the United Nations in December to retire. As a true party man, he was the longest-serving member of the House of Representatives, having been elected 15 times (Tokyo 1st District).

[Ara Takashi]

His son Iichiro and grandsons Yukio and Kunio also became politicians, with Yukio serving as Prime Minister.

[Editorial Department]

"My Autobiography" by Hatoyama Ichiro (1951, Kaizosha)" ▽ "Memoirs of Hatoyama Ichiro" by Hatoyama Ichiro (1957, Bungeishunju Shinsha)" ▽ "The Diary of Hatoyama Ichiro and Kaoru, Volumes 1 and 2, edited by Ito Takashi and Toshitake Yoshiya (1999, 2005, Chuokoron-Shinsha)" ▽ "Biographies of Japanese Prime Ministers 19: Hatoyama Ichiro" by Miyazaki Yoshimasa and supervised by Hosokawa Takamoto (1985, Jiji Press)" ▽ "A Family of Gifted People - Hatoyama Ichiro and the People of the Hatoyama Family" by Toyoda Jo (1996, Kodansha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

政治家。東京生まれ。衆議院議長鳩山和夫(かずお)の長男。1907年（明治40）東京帝国大学英法科卒業後、弁護士。東京市会議員から1915年（大正4）衆議院議員、立憲政友会に属した。1927年（昭和2）幹事長を経て田中義一内閣書記官長。1931年犬養毅(いぬかいつよし)、1932年斎藤実(さいとうまこと)両内閣の文部大臣となり、1933年大学の自治・学問の自由を侵害した京大滝川事件を引き起こした。1942年の翼賛選挙では非推薦で当選。第二次世界大戦敗戦後の1945年（昭和20）10月日本自由党を創立し総裁に就任。1946年組閣直前に公職追放され後継者として吉田茂に総裁を譲った。1951年自由党に復帰し、鳩山派を形成して吉田と激しく指導権を争った。1953年3月分党派自由党を結成。1954年改進党との合同によって日本民主党を結成し総裁に就任。同年12月吉田内閣退陣後、念願の内閣を組織し、憲法改正・再軍備および対ソ連・中国との国交回復など反吉田路線を推進した。

　1955年11月自由党との保守合同をなし自由民主党を結成し、翌1956年4月初代総裁に就任。同年5月日ソ漁業条約を締結し、10月自ら訪ソして日ソ共同宣言に調印した。ソ連との国交回復を果たし、また12月に国連加盟を達成したのを機会に引退した。生粋(きっすい)の政党人として衆議院当選15回（東京1区）の最長老議員であった。

［荒　敬］

　息子の威一郎(いいちろう)、孫の由紀夫、邦夫も政治家となり、由紀夫は首相を務めた。

［編集部］

『鳩山一郎著『私の自叙伝』（1951・改造社）』▽『鳩山一郎著『鳩山一郎回顧録』（1957・文芸春秋新社）』▽『伊藤隆、季武嘉也編『鳩山一郎・薫日記』上下（1999、2005・中央公論新社）』▽『宮崎吉政著、細川隆元監修『日本宰相列伝19　鳩山一郎』（1985・時事通信社）』▽『豊田穣著『英才の家系――鳩山一郎と鳩山家の人々』（1996・講談社）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例